Comparison of culture-dependent and -independent bacterial detection results on nasal swabs in dogs with nasal discharge.

Objectives: The role of bacterial communities in the pathophysiology of canine nasal disease is still unclear. How and when to treat dogs with suspected secondary bacterial rhinitis and on which test to rely before making a decision to treat with antimicrobials has not been established. The objective is to compare the results of bacterial identification using agar-plate cultures and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in dogs with nasal discharge suspected to be of bacterial origin.

Three-minute nebulization of gentamicin in healthy dogs results in therapeutic concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid while remaining below the toxic range values in blood.

Objective: To determine and compare the concentration of gentamicin in the lower airways and serum of healthy spontaneously breathing dogs after nebulization with 5% undiluted gentamicin during 3 versus 10 minutes.

Animals: 10 healthy experimental Beagles.

Methods: This was a prospective crossover study.

Intranasal and Serum Gentamicin Concentration: Comparison of Three Topical Administration Protocols in Dogs.

Antimicrobials' topical administration efficacy has not been assessed in dogs with upper respiratory tract disease. The aim was to compare the concentration of gentamicin in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and in serum after three topical protocols. This was a prospective crossover study of ten healthy dogs.

Assessment of the nasal microbiota in dogs with fungal rhinitis before and after cure and in dogs with chronic idiopathic rhinitis.

Background: Pathogenesis of canine fungal rhinitis is still not fully understood. Treatment remains challenging, after cure turbinate destruction may be associated with persistent clinical signs and recurrence of fungal rhinitis can occur. Alterations of the nasal microbiota have been demonstrated in dogs with chronic idiopathic rhinitis and nasal neoplasia, although whether they play a role in the pathogenesis or are a consequence of the disease is still unknown.

Imaging Findings in Dogs and Cats With Presumptive Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis.

This retrospective case series describes imaging findings in seven dogs and two cats with a presumptive diagnosis of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) between 2014 and 2021. Peritoneal effusion was present in all animal patients. Sonographically, echogenic fluid with or without echogenic intraperitoneal septations, gathered or corrugated bowel loops, and abdominal lymphadenomegaly were suggesting an inflammatory process and the presence of adhesions.

Utility of fungal polymerase chain reaction on nasal swab samples in the diagnosis and monitoring of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs.

Background: In dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) the utility of PCR in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease after treatment has not been assessed.

Objectives: To evaluate the presence of fungal DNA using quantitative PCR targeting Aspergillus fumigatus (Aspfum) and Aspergillus spp. (PanAsp), and PCR targeting multiple fungal species (PanFun), in samples obtained from nasal cavities of dogs with SNA, other nasal diseases and healthy dogs.

Antimicrobial discontinuation in dogs with acute aspiration pneumonia based on clinical improvement and normalization of C-reactive protein concentration.

Background: Evidence regarding optimal treatment duration in dogs with aspiration pneumonia (AP) and the role of thoracic radiographs (TXR) and lung ultrasonography (LUS) in the long-term follow-up of affected dogs is lacking. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a reliable acute phase protein to monitor bacterial pneumonia in dogs.

Hypothesis: Investigate the safety of antimicrobial discontinuation based on clinical improvement and serum CRP normalization, as well as the usefulness of TXR and LUS for follow-up.

Comparison of lung ultrasound, chest radiographs, C-reactive protein, and clinical findings in dogs treated for aspiration pneumonia.

Background: Comparison of clinical findings, chest radiographs (CXR), lung ultrasound (LUS) findings, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations at admission and serial follow-up in dogs with aspiration pneumonia (AP) is lacking.

Hypothesis: Lung ultrasound lesions in dogs with AP are similar to those described in humans with community-acquired pneumonia (comAP); the severity of CXR and LUS lesions are similar; normalization of CRP concentration precedes resolution of imaging abnormalities and more closely reflects the clinical improvement of dogs.

Animals: Seventeen dogs with AP.

Laryngeal paralysis secondary to cervical bite injuries in five dogs.

Case Histories: Medical records of a veterinary hospital in Belgium were reviewed for dogs (n = 5) that presented between 2016 and 2019 with laryngeal paralysis secondary to bite wounds to the cervical region received while fighting with other dogs. The time elapsed between the trauma and presentation was from a few hours up to 5 days.

Clinical Findings And Treatment: Bilateral laryngeal paralysis was identified in three dogs and unilateral laryngeal paralysis in two dogs via endoscopic assessment of laryngeal function.

Genomic relatedness of a canine Lactococcus garvieae to human, animal and environmental isolates.

Lactococcus (L.) garvieae is a zoonotic fish pathogen that can also cause bacteraemia and endocarditis in humans and has been isolated from healthy or diseased domestic animals. Nevertheless L.

Comparison of C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and aspiration bronchopneumonia.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known acute-phase protein in dogs that may discriminate bacterial bronchopneumonia from other pulmonary conditions. Bronchopneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is common but the associated increase in CRP concentration in naturally infected dogs has not been fully explored.

Objective: To compare CRP concentrations of dogs with Bb infection, with or without radiographic pulmonary lesions, to dogs with aspiration bronchopneumonia (ABP).

Diagnosis and treatment of gastro-oesophageal junction abnormalities in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome.

Objectives: To determine whether there is a benefit of using pre- and postoperative antacid treatment in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic syndrome. To assess the use of an obstruction manoeuvre during endoscopy for the detection of dynamic gastro-oesophageal junction abnormalities.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six client-owned brachycephalic dogs were prospectively included in a randomised trial.

Clinical response to 2 protocols of aerosolized gentamicin in 46 dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection (2012-2018).

Background: Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) infection commonly causes respiratory disease in dogs. Gentamicin delivered by aerosol maximizes local drug delivery without systemic absorption but clinical response to protocols remains undetermined.

Objectives: To compare the clinical response to 2 protocols of aerosolized delivery of gentamicin in bordetellosis.

Analysis of the lung microbiota in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and correlation with culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), a pathogen involved in canine infectious respiratory disease complex, can be confirmed using culture or qPCR. Studies about the canine lung microbiota (LM) are recent, sparse, and only one paper has been published in canine lung infection. In this study, we aimed to compare the LM between Bb infected and healthy dogs, and to correlate sequencing with culture and qPCR results.

Comparison of two minimally invasive enilconazole perendoscopic infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis.

Objectives: To compare two minimally invasive enilconazole infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis and evaluate the importance of complete endoscopic debridement in determining first treatment success rate.

Materials And Methods: Data for 48 dogs with confirmed sinonasal aspergillosis treated with endoscopic debridement followed by per-endoscopic enilconazole infusion were collected. Twenty-four dogs were treated according to the previously published 1-hour infusion protocol and 24 dogs underwent a simplified 15-minute infusion protocol.

Angiostrongylosis in dogs with negative fecal and in-clinic rapid serological tests: 7 Cases (2013-2017).

Background: Angiostrongylosis is considered as emerging disease in dogs in Belgium. Detection of first-stage larvae in feces using the Baermann method has an imperfect sensitivity.

Objectives: Investigation of efficacy of noninvasive blood and fecal diagnostic tests in comparison with PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) material in a small series of coughing or dyspnoeic dogs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum.

Effects of manipulations to detect sliding hiatal hernia in dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome.

Objective: To determine the influence of manipulations aimed at increasing the transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient on the gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) of dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), and to identify the manipulation that most improves the detection of GEJ abnormalities and sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) in dogs with BAOS.

Study Design: In vivo experimental pilot study and prospective clinical study.

Animals: Five purpose-bred Beagles and 20 dogs diagnosed with BAOS.

Prevalence, location and concurrent diseases of ultrasonographic cyst-like lesions of abdominal lymph nodes in dogs.

Lymph nodal cyst-like lesions are occasionally identified during abdominal ultrasound in dogs. However, a study evaluating their prevalence and clinical significance is lacking. The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to evaluate prevalence, most common location and concurrent diseases of cyst-like lymph nodes detected during abdominal ultrasound.

Long-term follow-up in dogs with idiopathic eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy treated with inhaled steroid therapy.

Background: Treatment of canine idiopathic eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy mainly consists of long-term oral corticosteroid therapy. To avoid side effects, inhaled steroid therapy has been increasingly used but long-term clinical response and potential side effects are sparsely described.

Objectives: Description of clinical response and side effects with long-term fluticasone in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy.

Quantitative PCR and Cytology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica Infection.

Background: The use of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and demonstration of bacteria adhering to ciliated epithelial cells in BALF or bronchial brushing fluid (BBF) has not been assessed in a series of affected dogs. Coinfections can worsen the clinical severity in bordetellosis, but the specific association with Mycoplasma cynos has not been evaluated.

Objectives: To assess the utility of culture, qPCR and cytologic examination of cytospin preparations in the diagnosis of bordetellosis in dogs and the influence of coinfection by M.

Detection of Angiostrongylus vasorum by quantitative PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Belgian dogs.

Objectives: To describe Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a series of clinical cases over a 12-month period, report the use of quantitative PCR on broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and investigate the -possibility of previously undiagnosed angiostrongylosis in a retrospective cohort of coughing and healthy dogs.

Methods: Pulmonary angiostrongylosis was diagnosed based on compatible clinical signs and positive quantitative PCR on broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and/or positive Baermann examination. Quantitative PCR was also performed retrospectively on broncho-alveolar lavage fluid from 65 dogs (55 coughing and 10 healthy dogs), examined between 2008 and 2014; results of Baermann examination were also available in 33 dogs.

Removal of oesophageal foreign bodies: comparison between oesophagoscopy and oesophagotomy in 39 dogs.

Objectives: To compare complication rates and outcomes after removal of oesophageal foreign bodies by endoscopy or by oesophagotomy.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of medical records of dogs with oesophageal foreign bodies treated by endoscopy and/or oesophagotomy. Postoperative clinical signs, management, length of hospitalisation, type and rate of complications, and time interval to return to eating conventional diet were compared.