Cellular pathway disturbances elicited by realistic dexamethasone concentrations in gills of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as assessed by a multi-biomarker approach.

The growing usage of glucocorticoids for a variety of diseases raises concerns since these drugs, including the anti-inflammatory dexamethasone (DEX), are frequently found in the environment. The impact of DEX was evaluated on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) by exposure to environmental concentrations (C1: 4 ng/L; C2: 40 ng/L; C3: 400 ng/L; C4: 2000 ng/L), and sampling at 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) days. A multi-biomarker approach was applied on gills, involved in gas exchange, feed filtering, and osmoregulation.

Short-term exposure to polystyrene microplastics hampers the cellular function of gills in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Plastic is undoubtedly the most useful and versatile polymeric material that man has developed in the last two centuries Despite the societal benefits, plastic is now a serious global issue because it is persistent and may bioaccumulate into aquatic biota as microplastics (MPs). This study was designed to evaluate the daily uptake and cellular effects due to a short-term (up to 72 h) exposure to 3 μm red polystyrene MPs (50 beads/mL) in the gills of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, chosen as model species for its ecological and commercial relevance. After measuring the daily uptake of MPs and detecting their presence within the branchial epithelium at all the exposure time-points (T24, T48, T72), some cleaning mechanisms were observed by neutral and acid mucous secretions at mussel gills.

Single and combined effects of caffeine and salicylic acid on mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: Changes at histomorphological, molecular and biochemical levels.

Caffeine (CAF) and salicylic acid (SA) are frequently detected in waterbody, though information on their biological impact is poor. This work assesses the effects of CAF (5 ng/L to 10 µg/L) and SA (0.05 µg/L to 100 µg/L) alone and combined as CAF+SA (5 ng/L+0.

Differential Cell Metabolic Pathways in Gills and Liver of Fish (White Seabream ) Coping with Dietary Methylmercury Exposure.

Mercury (Hg) is a dangerous and persistent trace element. Its organic and highly toxic form, methylmercury (MeHg), easily crosses biological membranes and accumulates in biota. Nevertheless, understanding the mechanisms of dietary MeHg toxicity in fish remains a challenge.

Comparison of cellular mechanisms induced by pharmaceutical exposure to caffeine and its combination with salicylic acid in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Urban and hospital-sourced pharmaceuticals are continuously discharged into aquatic environments, threatening biota. To date, their impact as single compounds has been widely investigated, whereas few information exists on their effects as mixtures. We assessed the time-dependent biological impact induced by environmental concentrations of caffeine alone (CAF; 5 ng/L to 10 µg/L) and its combination with salicylic acid (CAF+SA; 5 ng/L+0.

The role of prophylactic antibiotics in elective hand surgery.

The current literature has poorly defined the role of antibiotic agents in elective hand surgery. The reason for this may be due to a small number of well-designed studies specifically addressing the efficacy of antibiotics in hand surgery. Our purpose is to critically review the current literature in an attempt to more precisely define the role of prophylactic antibiotics in elective hand surgery.

A comparison of CT arthrography of the wrist to findings during wrist arthroscopy.

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of computed tomography after wrist arthrogram (CT arthrogram) compared with findings during wrist arthroscopy as interpreted by a musculoskeletal radiologist and a board-certified hand surgeon.

Methods: Seventy-six consecutive patients who had a wrist CT arthrogram and subsequent wrist arthroscopy were identified in the arthroscopic database of four hand surgeons working at a single institution between 2001 and 2006. Operative findings were obtained from the medical record.

Reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects following oncologic resection in 76 patients.

Between 1990 and 2002, 76 patients underwent 102 muscle flap reconstructions for extremity sarcomas. The patients had radical resection with immediate reconstruction. Reconstructions were performed by the Musculoskeletal Oncology and Plastic Surgery services.

Genetic and environmental influences on recurrent headaches in eight to nine-year-old twins.

The major objective of the present study was to estimate genetic and environmental influences on recurrent headaches in prepubescent twins. A nationwide cohort of 8 to 9-year-old Swedish twins (n = 1,480) was screened for nonsymptomatic and recurrent headaches through a questionnaire mailed to their parents (75% response frequency). Among positives, 79% of headaches were classified as migraine or tension-type headache in close accordance with the International Headache Society criteria.

A 40-year follow-up of school children with migraine.

A prevalence study of 9000 Swedish school children conducted in 1955 showed that nearly 4% had migraine. The prevalence of migraine was 1.4% at 7 years of age and 5.

Genetic influence in headaches: a Swedish twin study.

The heritability of liability to self-reported migraine and nonmigrainous headaches was examined in two large cohorts from the Swedish Twin Registry consisting of 6448 (the older cohort) and 12,884 (the younger cohort) like-sexed twin pairs. Higher concordance rates were consistently found for lifetime migraine among the monozygotic twins than in the dizygotic twins, as well as for migraine headaches of the recurrent disabling type. In addition, a higher concordance rate was found among the monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins in a "mixed" group of possible tension-type or mild migraine headaches (or both).

Computed tomography of the brain in children with minor neurodevelopmental disorders.

Eighty-nine boys and twenty girls with minor neurodevelopmental disorders underwent cranial computed tomography (CT). Twenty-five per cent showed aberrations at CT. The incidence of manifest lefthandedness and of developmental language disorders was not higher among children with pathological CT findings than among those with normal ones.

Familial minor neurodevelopmental disorders.

Sixteen patients (13 males and 3 females) with minor neurodevelopmental disorders from 7 families were examined in an etiologic study. In four of the families (3, 5, 6 and 7) no brain damaging factors could be traced in the prenatal, perinatal or postnatal periods, and genetic main etiologies were strongly suspected. In one family (1) alcohol abuse during the pregnancies was thought to be an etiologically contributing factor.

Early bladder training in patients with spina bifida.

A bladder training programme was applied in 43 children with myelomeningocele and complete urinary incontinence. In one group the training was commenced before the age of 3 years (mean age 1.3 years) and in another group between the ages of 3 and 13 years (mean age 5.

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy. I. Clinical categories, associated neurological abnormalities and incidences.

An unselected series of 116 dyskinetic cerebral palsy cases born 1959-70 was delineated and subgrouped according to neurological criteria into 35 hyperkinetic (30%) and 81 dystonic (70%) cases. Of the hyperkinetics, 80% had a mild motor disability, while 90% of the dystonics had moderate or severe disability. Subordinated spastic signs were found in 9% of the hyperkinetic and in 44% of the dystonic cases.

Migraine in childhood and its prognosis.

In 1955 a population study in Uppsala comprising about 9,000 school children showed that migraine increased from 1.4% at the age of seven to 5.3% at fifteen.

Computed tomography of the brain in children with minimal brain damage: a preliminary study of 46 children.

Forty-six children aged 4 to 15 years with minimal brain damage (MBD) underwent computed cranial tomography (CT). The criteria used for a diagnosis of MDB was the presence of clinical features of a developmental disturbance of the central nervous system causing incoordination. CT revealed abnormalities in 15 cases (32.