Long-term administration of paroxetine increases cortical EEG beta and gamma band activities in healthy awake rats.

Understanding the electrophysiological properties of antidepressant medications is important to resolve the response heterogeneity of these drugs in clinical practice. Administration of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to increase serotonin levels that affect cortical activities in healthy subjects. However, the extent to which cortical oscillations can be altered by ongoing administration of paroxetine is not known.

Intracellular trafficking of diphtheria toxin and its mutated form, CRM197, in the endocytic pathway.

Objective: Diphtheria toxin (DTx) is a well-characterized bacterial toxin. However, the endocytic pathway of the mutant of DTx, CRM197, which is used as an immunological adjuvant, has not yet been fully explained. The aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular trafficking of CRM197-loaded endosomes.

Cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197) affects actin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells.

CRM197, cross-reacting material 197, is a mutant of diphtheria toxin (DTx). CRM197 is used in pharmacology as a carrier protein. It has been recently shown that CRM197 causes breakdown in actin filaments.

Interleukin-1β effect on the endogenous ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) plays an important role in eukaryotic polypeptide chain elongation. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a post-translational modification reaction that catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose group to eEF2 and this causes the inhibition of protein synthesis. Indeed, in the absence of diptheria toxin, endogenous ADP-ribosylation can occur.