Intraneural ganglion: a case report with electron microscopic observations.

We report a case of common peroneal mononeuropathy caused by an intraneural ganglion in a 9-year-old boy. The mass and the contiguous nerve fascicles were excised under the operating microscope. Histologically, the cyst wall was composed of layers of elongated cells merging with fascicles that exhibited changes suggestive of a pressure-ischemia effect.

Fine structural study of the posterior pituitary after destruction of the hypophysial stalk in the rat.

Electrolytic destruction of the pituitary stalk in rats markedly affected their water metabolism and induced ultrastructural changes in the posterior pituitary. The urinary output increased for 1-2 days after surgery. Subsequently polyuria and polydipsia temporarily decreased and vasopressin excretion with the urine increased.

Immunohistochemical localization of keratin in craniopharyngiomas and squamous cell nests of the human pituitary.

To identify keratin, the immunoperoxidase technique was performed on 41 nontumourous pituitaries, 14 pituitary adenomas composed of different cell types and 15 craniopharyngiomas. No keratin was demonstrated in adenohypophysial cells, neurohypophysis or hypophysial vessels, however, it was occasionally identified in the pairs intermedia within cells lining cystic structures. Crooke's hyaline material and all pituitary adenomas were negative for keratin.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and multiple intracerebral hematomas.

Two cases of simultaneous multiple intracerebral hematomas due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are described in patients who were both normotensive, elderly men. Because of their superficial location and the increasing feasibility of early and accurate diagnosis by computed tomographic scan, hemorrhage due to CAA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of single or multiple hemorrhagic lesions of the brain.

Intrasellar solitary plasmacytoma terminating in multiple myeloma: a report of a case including electron microscopical study.

A case of multiple myeloma is reported that presented as a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone of the sella turcica. The diagnosis was established by electron microscopy in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase technique. The patient succumbed 37 months after the diagnosis was made.

Disulfiram neuropathy.

Disulfiram (Antabuse) can produce neuropathy in daily doses of less than the usually recommended 500 mg. The four recent cases reported in this paper emphasize the need for greater recognition of this condition. Nerve biopsies showed axonal degeneration.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a spinal cord hemangioblastoma: case report.

A case of solitary spinal hemangioblastoma with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is presented. There was no features to distinguish the subarachnoid hemorrhage in this case from that due to an intracranial lesion. However, mild sensory symptoms involving the left arm and leg had preceded the hemorrhage by several months.

Hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma associated with pituitary growth hormone cell adenoma and acromegaly.

A hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma associated with a sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma of the pituitary and acromegaly is reported. It is suggested that the patient had a primary neuronal tumor, whose neurosecretory activity promoted the development of the growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma causing acromegaly.

Xanthochromic cysts associated with meningioma.

Three cases of cystic meningioma encountered in one year are presented. It appears from a review of the literature, and an analysis of these three cases, that large xanthochromic cerebral cysts may be associated with meningiomas in any of three configurations: (1) centrally within the tumour; (2) peripherally within the tumour; (3) in the adjacent brain. Regardless of which configuration applies, the CAT scan appearance of such cystic meningiomas may mimic that of a glial tumour with cystic or necrotic change, and lead to an incorrect presumptive diagnosis.

Primary empty sella: a histologic and immunocytologic study.

A primary "empty" sella turcica was found incidentally at autopsy, and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland was studied with the immunoperoxidase technique. All five adenohypophysial cell types, ie, somatotrophs, lactotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs (containing follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH], were present in adequate numbers and were well granulated, indicating normal hormone storage.

Disulfiram neuropathy.

A 35-year-old man developed a distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy after taking disulfiram, 500 mg daily for five months. His symptoms improved after the drug therapy was discontinued. Clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological observations during the acute stage and during recovery suggest that disulfiram produces a distal axonopathy.

Intrasellar paraganglioma associated with hypopituitarism.

A 37-year-old with a history of postpubertal arrest of sexual development and delayed growth was found to have an enlarged sella turcica. The clinical and biochemical features were consistent with hypopituitarism. A tumor was removed transsphenoidally that, through light microscopy, histochemistry, and electron microscopy, proved to be a paraganglioma.

Vascular amyloid in the aging central nervous system. Clinico-pathological study and literature review.

The clinico-pathological features of five patients with vascular amyloid restricted to the central nervous system are presented. In three normotensive patients, intracerebral hemorrhage was the dramatic manifestation of amyloid angiopathy. In two other cases, one of amyloid in an arteriovenous malformation, the other of amyloid following therapeutic radiation, amyloid deposition was asymptomatic.

Adenohypophysial necrosis in rats following destruction of the pituitary stalk. A histologic, immunocytologic and fine structural study.

Adenohypophyses of adult male rats have been investigated by light microscopy, immunocytology and electron microscopy 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours following electrolyte destruction of the pituitary stalk. Light microscopy revealed massive ischemic infarction of the adenohypophysis. Immunoreactive growth hormone, prolactin, TSH, FSH and LH were demonstrated up to 24 hours after surgery in necrotic adenohypophysial cells by the immunoperoxidase technique.

Primary intramedullary malignant lymphoma of the spinal cord.

The clinical and histologic features of a malignant intramedullary lymphoma of the spinal cord are reported. The duration of the disease was 9 months and the course was similar to other malignant intramedullary cord tumors. The tumor was confined to the cervical segment of the cord and histologically was composed of lymphocytes and plasmacytoid histiocytes.

Myopathy associated with amyloid angiopathy.

A 38-year-old patient with the clinical picture of a progressive myopathy resembling limb girdle muscular dystrophy is presented. Muscle biopsy showed amyloid deposits in the walls of small endomysial blood vessels. There was no clinical or physiological evidence of peripheral nerve involvement, no plasma cell dyscrasia and no generalized amyloidosis.

Annulate lamellae in spontaneous prolactin cell adenomas of the rat pituitary.

Electron microscopy of 13 pituitary prolactin cell adenomas, removed at autopsy from untreated female aging Long-Evans rats, revealed the presence of annulate lamellae in 3 tumors. No annulate lamellae were detected in 10 non-tumorous pituitary glands of adult untreated rats. Direct continuity was demonstrated between annulate lamellae and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, consistent with the assumption that annulate lamellae may originate from and/or transform to endoplasmic reticulum membranes.

Click evoked eighth nerve and brain stem responses (electrocochleogram)--experimental observations in the cat.

The origin of waves two to five occurring in the first 10 milliseconds after repetitive click stimuli is not definitely established. Published studies have suggested that waves two and three are derived from the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex respectively and that waves four and five are generated by the inferior colliculus. Our studies of the effect of chronic brain stem lesions in the cat do not support this hypothesis of specific localization, but reveal that a more general reduction in amplitude, and at times prolongation in latency, occurs with lesions in the pons and lower midbrain and that wave one amplitude is also diminished with brain stem lesions.

Peripheral neuropathy in oxalosis. A case report with electron microscopic observations.

A 61 year old man had chronic renal failure because of oxaluria and renal calculi. Two years before death, while on hemodialysis, he developed severe progressive peripheral neuropathy. At autopsy calcium oxalate crystals were found in the peripheral nerves and other tissues.

Pituitary melanocorticotrophinoma with amyloid deposition.

The light and electron microscopic features of a pituitary adenoma composed of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) cells with perivascular amyloid deposition is reported. Histochemical and fine structural data indicate that this material is APUDamyloid and is present in the extra-cellular perivascular spaces. It is suggested that the differences in fine structure and of distribution of the amyloid in pituitary adenomas is dependent upon the cell of origin.

Pituitary adenoma producing amyloid-like substance.

Light and electron microscopical examination of a pituitary adenoma showed that the tumor was composed of prolactin cells that produced amyloid-like material. The findings have been interpreted in favor of the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in amyloid fibril formation within the adenoma cells. Histochemical and fine structural data indicate that the material produced by this tumor resembles apudamyloid rather than immunoamyloid.

Compression of the cauda equina due to a necrobiotic granuloma of ligamentum flavum.

A 56 year old woman developed symptoms of lumbar nerve root compression caused by a granuloma arising in the ligamentum flavum. The histological features of the lesion are discussed and the clinical and radiological findings of the patient are described.

Polyglycolic acid suture in peripheral nerve: an electron microscopic study.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the reaction of peripheral nerve tissue to a synthetic absorbable suture material. Polyglycolic acid suture material was investigated by means of electron photomicrographs. It was concluded that placement of polyglycolic acid into the peculiar environment of endoneurial tissues results in minimal scarring and in minimal disturbance of the surrounding nerve fibers.