Utility of the modified 5-item frail index to predict complications and reoperations after hallux valgus percutaneous surgery.

Introduction: The modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) has been recently proposed as a useful tool for predicting postoperative complications in orthopedic surgery. We aimed to analyze the utility of this score in predicting complications and reoperations after hallux valgus (HV) deformity surgery.

Methods: 551 patients undergoing percutaneous HV corrective surgery were retrospectively reviewed.

Short-term complication rate following orthopedic surgery in a tertiary care center in Argentina.

Introduction: Registration of adverse events following orthopedic surgery has a critical role in patient safety and has received increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of postoperative complications in the department of orthopedic unit in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: A retrospective review from the postoperative complication registry of a cohort of consecutive patients operated in the department of orthopedic surgery from May 2015 to June 2016 was performed.

A comparison of the PHQ-2 and MGMQ for screening for emotional health difficulties during pregnancy.

Background: Routine screening for emotional health difficulties in women during pregnancy is now advocated in several countries. There is a need therefore to compare the performance of different self-report measures to accomplish this. This study reports on the comparative performance of two such measures- the well-established PHQ-2, which aims to detect depression, and the more recent MGMQ, which aims to detect a wide array of negative emotions.

Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Treatment With Fresh Frozen Allograft.

Introduction: Symptomatic talar osteochondral lesions are about 50% refractory to conservative treatment requiring a surgical solution. In the case of large chronic lesions, the use of bone graft taken from tissue bank is an alternative that enables to fill the defect without causing donor site morbidity.

Material And Methods: Eight patients treated with talar osteochondral allograft in lesions greater than 20mm in diameter were analyzed - 4 males and 4 females aging 39.

The abuses of a certain knowledge.

In the psychiatric institution, the sex act is a matter of controversy, all the more so when elderly patients with dementia are concerned. Yet, a question imposes itself: thinking beyond the biomedical model, the current governing paradigm for explaining senile dementia, what effects does the repression of the sex act have on the symptoms of the demented patient? The psychoanalytic exploration of the institutional situation described here suggests that the sexual demands of the patient suffering from dementia would not be meaningless, but would constitute a defensive modality against the return of a former threat of castration. Their repression, by means of practices that impede the libido in its search of an object, would reinforce the process of dementia by encouraging a regression toward earlier stages of development.

Personality traits, cognition and volumetric MRI changes in elderly patients with early-onset depression: a 2-year follow-up study.

Previous studies revealed personality changes in elderly patients with early-onset depression (EOD) that persist in euthymic stages. However, depression in older patients is a complex disorder that may affect not only personality, but also cognition and brain structure. To address this issue, a cross-sectional comparison and 2-year follow-up of 28 EOD elderly patients and 48 healthy controls included detailed neurocognitive assessment, estimates of brain volumes in limbic areas and white matter hyperintensities, as well as evaluation of the Five Factor Model of personality, in a remitted mood state.

Beyond the image.

By imposing itself as the dominant model of modern medicine, the biomedical model leaves little or no place for the psychical/subjective dimension of illnesses. The author presents a clinical case illustrating the essential contribution psychoanalysis can make to understanding the causes of a serious neurological disorder of indeterminate origin, its psychic determinism and its unconscious dimension. This original contribution argues in favour of the idea that understanding the development of neurological disorders associated with an unexplained lesion cannot be reduced exclusively to the organic level, and must not overlook the notion of unconscious.

Magnetic resonance imaging determinants of intraindividual variability in the elderly: combined analysis of grey and white matter.

Elderly individuals display a rapid age-related increase in intraindividual variability (IIV) of their performances. This phenomenon could reflect subtle changes in frontal lobe integrity. However, structural studies in this field are still missing.

Longitudinal analysis of cognitive performances and structural brain changes in late-life bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Cross-sectional studies in bipolar disorder (BD) suggested the presence of cognitive deficits and subtle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in limbic areas that may persist at euthymic stages. Whether or not cognitive and MRI changes represent stable attributes of BD or evolve with time is still matter of debate. To address this issue, we performed a 2-year longitudinal study including detailed neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses of 15 euthymic older BD patients and 15 controls.

Neuroanatomical and neuropsychological features of elderly euthymic depressed patients with early- and late-onset.

Background: Whether or not cognitive impairment and brain structure changes are trait characteristics of late-life depression is still disputed. Previous studies led to conflicting data possibly because of the difference in the age of depression onset. In fact, several lines of evidence suggest that late-onset depression (LOD) is more frequently associated with neuropsychological deficits and brain pathology than early-onset depression (EOD).

Neuroanatomical and neuropsychological features of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

Objective: Previous studies reported that the severity of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) increases with the duration of illness and postulated that progressive neuronal loss or shrinkage and white matter changes may be at the origin of this phenomenon. To explore this issue, the authors performed a case-control study including detailed neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging analyses in 17 euthymic elderly patients with BD and 17 healthy individuals.

Methods: Neuropsychological evaluation concerned working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, and executive functions.

Volumetric MRI changes, cognition and personality traits in old age depression.

Background: The presence of cognitive and structural deficits in euthymic elderly depressed patients remains a matter of debate. Integrative aetiological models assessing concomitantly these parameters as well as markers of psychological vulnerability such as persistent personality traits, are still lacking for this age group.

Methods: Cross-sectional comparisons of 38 elderly remitted patients with early-onset depression (EOD) and 62 healthy controls included detailed neuropsychological assessment, estimates of brain volumes in limbic areas and white matter hyperintensities, as well as evaluation of the Five-Factor personality dimensions.

Cognitive features in euthymic bipolar patients in old age.

Objectives: Studies of cognition in bipolar disorder (BD) have reported impairments in processing speed, working memory, episodic memory, and executive function, but they have primarily focused on young and middle-aged adults. In such studies, the severity of cognitive deficits increases with the duration of illness. Therefore, one would expect more pronounced deficits in patients with longstanding BD.

In vivo over-expression of interleukin-10 increases resistance to focal brain ischemia in mice.

Early studies showed that the administration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL10) protects against permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. In this study, transgenic mice expressing murine IL10 (IL10T) directed by the major histocompatibility complex Ea promoter were produced and used to explore the effect of chronically increased IL10 levels on MCAO-related molecular mechanisms. IL10 was over-expressed in astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial brain cells in IL10T compared with wild type mice.

[Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A study of 7 cases].

Objective: Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder cancer that mimics plasmacytoma histologically and that can be confused with hemolymphoid neoplasms secondarily affecting the urinary bladder. Only single cases and short series have been described so far.

Patients And Methods: Seven cases of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma have been found among 720 high grade urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder.

The contribution of aging to the understanding of the dimensionality of executive functions.

It has been reported in the literature that executive functions may be fractioned into updating, shifting, and inhibition. The present study aimed to explore whether these executive sub-components can be identified in a more age-heterogeneous sample and see if they are prone to an age-related decline. We tested the performances of 81 individuals aged from 18 to 88 years old in each executive sub-component, working memory, fluid intelligence and processing speed.

Prostatic remnants in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.

Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary containing prostatic remnants are reported in 2 women aged 31 and 20 years. Both cases showed the expected histology of mature teratomas with a mixture of ecto- and endodermal structures lying in a fibrous stroma. In both cases, the foci of prostate tissue were composed of typical prostatic glands arranged in acinar structures.

Cognitive impairment in late-onset depression. Limited to a decrement in information processing resources?

Background: While cognitive dysfunction in late-onset depression (LOD) is common, the nature and determinants of this impairment are heterogeneous. It has been suggested that neuropsychological decrements in LOD patients might result from a deficit in processing resources. In order to address this issue, we analyzed processing resources in LOD to see if their decrease explains higher-level cognition (episodic memory and naming capacity) deficits.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathological and follow-up study of 40 cases and review of the literature.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare and aggressive variant of cancer that mainly arises in the upper aerodigestive tract. This study reviews the clinico-pathological features and follow-up of a series of cases occurring in the head and neck. During a 32-year period (1974-2005), a total of 40 BSCCs have been diagnosed in the head and neck in our Institution.

Decreased infarct size after focal cerebral ischemia in mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

To determine whether Toxoplasma gondii infection could modify biological phenomena associated with brain ischemia, we investigated the effect of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on neuronal survival, inflammation and redox state in chronically infected mice. Infected animals showed a 40% to 50% decrease of infarct size compared with non-infected littermates 1, 4 and 14 days after MCAO. The resistance of infected mice may be associated with increased basal levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or a marked reduction of the MCAO-related brain induction of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma).

Value of ultrasound-guided core biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for the diagnosis and management of malignant lymphomas is controversial and has not been accepted as an alternative to surgical biopsy. We investigate the clinical usefulness of this procedure in a large series of patients.

Methods: Over a 5-year period (2000-2004), ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies were performed in 102 malignant lymphomas.

Orbital giant cell angiofibroma.

A case of giant cell angiofibroma in a 73-year-old man is reported. The tumour was located in the upper-inner quadrant of the right orbit and recurred 16 months after surgical removal. The clinicopathological features of this rare neoplasm--that is nowadays considered a variant of solitary fibrous tumour--are reviewed and briefly commented on.