Computed tomography of cerebellar astrocytoma.

Analysis of CT scans of 25 patients with cerebellar astrocytoma indicates that a typical spectrum of findings exists for the cerebellar astrocytomas. CT is highly accurate in delineation and characterization of new and recurrent tumors. Recurrences may be demonstrated long before symptoms occur.

Computed tomography of vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm.

Review of computed tomographic as well as clinical and angiographic findings in 19 patients with vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms has revealed that there are two roentgenographically and clinically distinct types of aneurysms: saccular and fusiform. The saccular aneurysms often present with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage that differs in distribution from that seen with anterior circulation aneurysms. Small interpeduncular cisternal hematomas are helpful in localization of these aneurysms.

Characteristics of calcification in tumors of the pineal gland.

Thirty-two cases of proved pineal tumor were analyzed. Calcification was seen in 75%. The size, character, and position of the calcification were useful indicators of abnormality on plain-film evaluation.

Computed tomography of the trapped fourth ventricle.

A dilated fourth ventricle due to outlet obstruction is a clinical-radiologic entity with symptoms similar to those of a posterior fossa space-occupying lesion. Computed tomography reveals cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and hydrocephalus supratentorially. Frequently the symptoms resolve completely and the fourth ventricle returns to normal following lateral ventricular shunting.

A sign of subarachnoid bleeding on cranial computed tomograms of pediatric head trauma patients.

Of 109 children examined by cranial computed tomography soon after an acute head injury, a density in the region of the falx was identified in 24 patients, but disappeared on subsequent studies. The density measures in the range of blood and is thought to represent subarachnoid blood. It can be confused with falx calcification in adolescents and adults, but falx calcification is normally not seen in the pediatric population.

Computed tomography of pediatric head trauma: acute general cerebral swelling.

General cerebral swelling was the most common CT finding in 100 pediatric patients with acute head injury, and was demonstrated by CT as absence or compression of the lateral and third ventricles and perimesencephalic cisterns. Up to 50% of the children who die from head injury are conscious on admission. The most common pathological findings are diffuse cerebral swelling, loss of cerebrospinal fluid spaces, and venous congestion of the cortex.

Computer tomography of traumatic intracerebral hemorrhagic lesions: the change in density and mass effect with time.

A review of sequential CT examinations on 87 acute nonpenetrating head injury patients with traumatic hemorrhagic lesions has revealed a difference in location and in time course for change in density and mass effect between intracerebral hematoma, hemorrhagic contusion, and diffuse white matter shearing injury.

Correlation of long-term follow-up neurologic, psychologic, and cranial computed tomographic evaluations of head trauma patients.

We followed 153 head-injured patients by computed tomography and neurologic examinations. Twenty-seven also received psychologic evaluations. Cerebral parenchymal disruption was the abnormality produced by head trauma most likely to result in a fixed neurologic or psychologic deficit.

Interhemispheric acute subdural hematoma: a computed tomographic manifestation of child abuse by shaking.

Parieto-occipital interhemispheric acute subdural hematomas (IASH) were found in 17 (61%) of 28 abused children examined by computed tomography, presenting with neurologic symptoms. CT demonstration of IASH correlated with injury due to severe shaking, the presence of retinal hemorrhages, and the absence of the stigmata of battering. Subsequent computed tomographic examination in these patients demonstrated infarction in 50%, and cerebral atrophy in 100%.

Computed tomography in meningitis.

Computed tomography in 34 cases of meningitis has revealed a spectrum of findings. In acute cases these include enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces, generalized contrast enhancement of the meninges and ependyma, sterile and pyogenic subdural collections, cortical infarction, and cerebral necrosis.

Spectrum of medulloblastomas demonstrated by computed tomography.

Twenty-two patients with medulloblastomas were evaluated by computed tomography. Pretreatment evaluation in 13 patients has shown the various presentations of the tumor. Eighteen of the patients have had post-therapy computed tomographic studies.

Computed tomography of intracerebral hematomas. II. Radionuclide and transmission CT studies of the perihematoma region.

Transmission CT studies of 40 patients with intracerebral hematomas were used for an analysis of the perihematoma region. Nineteen of these patients had radionuclide studies. In the brain adjacent to an intracerebral hematoma, the patterns of pertechnetate uptake on scintillation scans and contrast enhancement on transmission CT resemble those observed in cerebral infarctions.

Computed tomography of intracerebral hematomas. I. Transmission CT observations on hematoma resolution.

Changes in the size and density of intracerebral hematomas were investigated by analyzing the sequential CT studies of 40 patients. Intracerebral hematomas decrease in density by an average of 0.7 EMI units per day.

Cranal computed tomography: application to otolaryngology.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) is an effective radiologic method for the evaluation of extracranial and intracranial pathology. Representative cases of extracranial and intracranial pathology of otolaryngic interest are selected from 6,000 CT scans. Pathology of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, orbits, and cerebellopontine angles is demonstrated.

Computed tomography of abnormally shaped pediatric cranium.

Computed tomography is an important diagnostic procedure in evaluation of the pediatric patient with an abnormal cranial size and (or) shape. Differential diagnosis of cranial abnormalities based on two hundred and thirty-one computed tomograms is presented. It allows accurate assessment of ventricular size, cerebrospinal fluid pathways, brain substance, and calvarium.

Computed tomography of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are correlated with clinical symptomatology. Microinfarction (manifested by perisuical atrophy) large infarcts, and hematomas are the major abnormalities demonstrated by CT. The neuropathology of these changes is discussed.

Priorities and indications of computed tomography in clinical practice.

Because of its technical capabilities, its rapidity and its non-invasive nature, computed tomography (CT) has given a new scope to neurological diagnosis and to the understanding of various aspects of neurological science. The availability of this test is determined by the patient load. If precise clinical indications are not considered, patients requiring CT the most may be denied immediate examination because less urgent cases may be occupying valuable diagnostic time.

Evolution of cerebral abscess: correlation of clinical features with computed tomography. A case report.

Computed tomography demonstrated the evolution of a cerebral abscess. Intravenous contrast material was essential for visualization of the abscess capsule. Computed tomography was more specific than technetium 99 brain scanning and cerebral angiography, and is the only diagnostic tool so far capable of differentiating acute focal encephalitis (cerebritis) from a well-developed abscess.

Hemorrhage in bilateral choroid plexus hemangiomas demonstrated by computed tomography. Case report.

The authors present a case in which bilateral posttraumatic hemorrhages in choroid plexus hemangiomas were demonstrated by computed tomography and histopathological study.

Demonstration of purulent bacterial intracranial infections by computed tomography.

Computed tomography is shown to be an important modality in both diagnosis and management of cerebral infections. Representative findings from CT scans of patients with purulent bacterial infection of the meninges, cerebrum, ventricles, and adjacent structures are presented. Material is taken from 2,645 CT scans done in a 1 year period at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.