Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Ileoanal Pouch Surgery: a Systematic Review.

Objective: To summarise frequency, type, and heterogeneity of patient-reported outcomes measures [PROMs] in papers reporting on outcomes after ileal pouch anal anastomosis [IPAA].

Background: Prevalence of ulcerative colitis [UC] has risen in Western countries, and one in three patients requires surgery. IPAA is a frequently performed procedure for UC, and a lack of standardisation is manifest in reporting outcomes for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] despite the clear need for inclusion of PROMs as primary outcomes in IBD trials.

Influence of travel behaviour and daily mobility on exposure to traffic-related air pollution.

This study evaluates the daily exposure of urban residents across various commuting modes and destinations by intersecting data from a travel survey with exposure surfaces for ultrafine particles and black carbon, in Toronto, Canada. We demonstrate that exposure misclassification is bound to arise when we approximate daily exposure with the concentration at the home location. We also identify potential inequities in the distribution of exposure to traffic-related air pollution whereby those who are mostly responsible for the generation of traffic-related air pollution (drivers and passengers) are exposed the least while active commuters and transit riders, are exposed the most.