The potential key role of choroidal non-perfusion and rod degeneration in the pathogenesis of macular neovascularization type 3.

Macular neovascularization type 3 (MNV3) is a multifactorial disease with distinct epidemiological, clinical, pathomorphological and topographical characteristics. This review of the literature discusses the latest experimental and clinical outcomes that could explain the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization. Although patients with MNV3 are usually older than those with MNV1 or 2, their lesions do not coexist with, precede, or follow other types in the same eye.

An Automated Comparative Analysis of the Exudative Biomarkers in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration, The RAP Study: Report 6.

Purpose: To investigate differences in volume and distribution of the main exudative biomarkers across all types and subtypes of macular neovascularization (MNV) using artificial intelligence (AI).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: An AI-based analysis was conducted on 34,528 OCT B-scans consisting of 281 (250 unifocal, 31 multifocal) MNV3, 55 MNV2, and 121 (30 polypoidal, 91 non-polypoidal) MNV1 treatment-naive eyes.

Twist Technique to Stop Fluid Leakage and Fixate the Eye During Bimanual Cortex Removal in Phacoemulsification.

Leakage of fluid through the side port during aspiration of the cortex leads to instability of the anterior chamber. In addition, eye movement may cause an unintended pulling of the irrigation probe out of the corneal wound resulting in collapsing of the anterior chamber. Both situations could pose a challenge to the surgeon and increase the risk of serious intraoperative complications.

Do patients with unilateral macular neovascularization type 3 need AREDS supplements to slow the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration?

Given the wide spectrum of unique characteristics of macular neovascularization type 3 (MNV3) compared with types 1 and 2, we suggest regrading the colour photography assessment of the AREDS study to verify the impact of AREDS supplements on eyes with MNV3.

THE IMPACT OF THE VITREOMACULAR INTERFACE ON FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMICAL OUTCOMES IN DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA TREATED WITH THREE DIFFERENT ANTI-VEGF AGENTS: Post Hoc Analysis of The Protocol T Study.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of baseline vitreomacular interface status on treatment outcomes in patients treated with three different anti-vascular endothelial growth factors for diabetic macular edema.

Methods: Post hoc analysis from patients enrolled in the DRCR.net Protocol T study.

Segmentation of macular neovascularization and leakage in fluorescein angiography images in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using deep learning.

Background/objectives: We aim to develop an objective fully automated Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for MNV lesion size and leakage area segmentation on fluorescein angiography (FA) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Subjects/methods: Two FA image datasets collected form large prospective multicentre trials consisting of 4710 images from 513 patients and 4558 images from 514 patients were used to develop and evaluate a deep learning-based algorithm to detect CNV lesion size and leakage area automatically. Manual segmentation of was performed by certified FA graders of the Vienna Reading Center.

THE RAP STUDY, REPORT 5: REDISCOVERING MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION TYPE 3: Multimodal Imaging of Fellow Eyes over 24 months.

Purpose: To explore the condition of fellow eyes of patients with macular neovascularization Type 3 (MNV3) and to verify whether the retinal-choroidal anastomosis (RCA) develops equally in all MNV types.

Methods: The contralateral eyes of 94 patients with MNV3, 96 patients with MNV1, and 96 patients with MNV2 were included. Multimodal imaging was performed.

The RAP study, report 4: morphological and topographical characteristics of multifocal macular neovascularization type 3.

Purpose: To report on the morphological characteristics and regional distribution of multifocal macular neovascularization type 3 (mMNV3).

Methods: Twenty-two consecutive eyes of 21 patients with mMNV3 were included using multimodal imaging. The count and stage of lesions of all MNV types and the existence of exudate and hemorrhage were determined.

The RAP study, report 3: Discoloration of the macular region in patients with macular neovascularization type 3.

Background/aims: To explore whether the existence and pattern of distribution of macular haemorrhage or exudate can be valuable diagnostic markers for macular neovascularization type 3 (MNV3) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Eighty-three eyes of 83 consecutive treatment naïve patients with stage 3 MNV3 were enrolled. The diagnosis was based on fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Automated quantification of macular fluid in retinal diseases and their response to anti-VEGF therapy.

Aim: To objectively assess disease activity and treatment response in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and centre-involved diabetic macular oedema (DME), using artificial intelligence-based fluid quantification.

Methods: Posthoc analysis of 2311 patients (11 151 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography volumes) from five clinical, multicentre trials, who received a flexible antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy over a 12-month period. Fluid volumes were measured with a deep learning algorithm at baseline/months 1, 2, 3 and 12, for three concentric circles with diameters of 1, 3 and 6 mm (fovea, paracentral ring and pericentral ring), as well as four sectors surrounding the fovea (superior, nasal, inferior and temporal).

THE RAP STUDY, REPORT TWO: The Regional Distribution of Macular Neovascularization Type 3, a Novel Insight Into Its Etiology.

Purpose: To explore the regional distribution of macular neovascularization type 3 (MNV3).

Methods: Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients were reviewed. We defined the location of each lesion after applying a modified ETDRS grid and the incidence of simultaneous MNV1 or 2.

Neuroretinal atrophy following resolution of macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion.

Background/aims: To characterise neuroretinal atrophy in retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: We included patients with central/branch RVO (CRVO=196, BRVO=107) who received ranibizumab according to a standardised protocol for 6 months. Retinal atrophy was defined as the presence of an area of retinal thickness (RT) <260 µm outside the foveal centre.

The Distribution of Leakage on Fluorescein Angiography in Diabetic Macular Edema: A New Approach to Its Etiology.

Purpose: To determine the distribution of leakage on fluorescein angiography (FA) and explore the clinically protective role of astrocytes against damage to the inner blood retinal barrier (iBRB) in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: A consecutive case series of 87 eyes of 87 patients with DME was included. We measured the leakage area in each field of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid on late-phase FA images.