Evaluating the efficacy of a cost-effective, fully three-dimensional-printed vertebra model for endoscopic spine surgery training for neurosurgical residents.

Study Design: A fused deposition modeling three-dimensional (3D)-printed model of the L4-5 vertebra for lumbar discectomy was designed. The model included separately printed dura mater, spinal cord, ligamentum flavum, intervertebral disc (from thermoplastic polyurethane), and bony structures (from polylactic acid), and the material cost approximately US$ 1 per model. A simple plumbing endoscope was used for visualization.

Orbital Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak After Dog Bite: A Case Report.

A 4-year-old boy was referred to our tertiary hospital after a penetrating adnexal injury by a large-breed dog to the left orbital area. There was an increase in lacrimation, which was thought to be due to an inflammatory reaction. However, it was discovered that the lacrimation increased in the reverse-Trendelenburg position and with the Valsalva maneuver.

PsiNorm: A fast, efficient and free open-source software for interpreting, reporting and archiving neuropsychological test results.

Objective: In many clinics, calculation and interpretation of neuropsychological test results, along with reporting, data organization and archiving of the data are done manually. In this era where most of the similar processes are automated, manual application may result in excessive time consumption, unnecessary use of qualified work-force, and is also open to error. A software that automates these processes for neuropsychological tests used for dementia assessment may overcome these issues.

Etomidate is associated with longer seizure duration, lower stimulus intensity, and lower number of failed trials in electroconvulsive therapy compared with thiopental.

Objective: Induction agents used for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may alter seizure parameters. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of etomidate and thiopental on seizure-related variables.

Methods: Registries of patients who received ECT between 2010 and 2013 in a tertiary psychiatry clinic were evaluated retrospectively.