Outcome of Preoperative Oral Steroids on Patients With Sinonasal Polyposis.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative oral prednisolone improves the intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes over a 3-month period in patients of sinonasal polyposis who undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods: In a triple-blind, randomized controlled study, 43 patients diagnosed with sinonasal polyposis in the Department of ENT, AIIMS, Jodhpur, were enrolled. After obtaining institutional ethics clearance and registering the clinical trial, randomization was conducted to assign participants into experimental and control groups.

Unveiling the Aggressiveness of Cholesteatoma: Associating MERI with miRNA-21 & IL-6 Expression.

Background: Cholesteatoma, a destructive middle ear condition, poses challenges due to its variable clinical presentation and propensity for recurrence. Understanding its molecular underpinnings could enhance prognostication and guide therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the association between cholesteatoma aggressiveness, as assessed by the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI), and the expression of miRNA-21 and IL-6 genes.

Dependability and Prognostic Value of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito- Cerebral Mucormycosis- A Long Term Ambispective Study.

Unlabelled: COVID-19 pandemic, which has exhibited a wide clinical spectrum and an unexpected surge in mucormycosis cases, understanding various biomarkers' roles becomes pivotal. As mucormycosis leads to clinical morbidity and mortality through angioinvasion and thromboembolism, unveiling the correlation between these markers and disease progression can shed light on the reasons behind mucormycosis's emergence as an epidemic, especially following the second wave of COVID-19. This long term ambispective observational study, conducted from May 2020 to July 2023, aimed to assess specific biomarkers as predictors of severity in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM).

WHO BREF Quality of Life Score as a Prognostic Indicator of Survival in Patients recovered from COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) has emerged as a formidable infection in patients with COVID-19, this study was designed to assess the QOL in patients with and its predictability for survival in CAM victims. This long term prospective observational study of 290 patients with CAM was conducted over 2 years using a standard questionnaire (the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire [WHO-BREF]), Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), palliative performance scale (PPS) and patient rated improvement (PRI) ranging from 0 to 9. Cut-off values of ≤ median score was considered to indicate poor QOL or poor improvement.

TET3 downregulation and low 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are epigenetic signatures of head and neck carcinoma.

Background: Ten-eleven translocases (TETs) are enzymes responsible for demethylation processes, playing a crucial role in maintaining the body's methylation balance. Dysregulation of TET expression can lead to abnormal methylation levels. Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) are upstream genes involved in Kreb cycle responsible for production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG).

Invasive Fungal Sinusitis and Its Orbital Morbidity in Pediatric Population: A Strategic Treatment Algorithm and Outcomes.

Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis, particularly mucormycosis, presents a significant clinical challenge, especially in pediatric populations. This retrospective epidemiologic study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes associated with this rare but severe condition, with a focus on orbital morbidity.

Methods: Clinical data of 12 pediatric patients diagnosed with invasive fungal sinusitis between 2021 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Comparison of depth of electrode insertion between cochleostomy and round window approach: a cadaveric study.

Introduction: Round window approach and cochleostomy approach can have different depth of electrode insertion during cochlear implantation which itself can alter the audiological outcomes in cochlear implant.

Objective: The current study was conducted to determine the difference in the depth of electrode insertion via cochleostomy and round widow approach when done serially in same temporal bone.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in conjunction with Department of Anatomy and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology over a period of 1 year.

Future Solutions for Voice Rehabilitation in Laryngectomees: A Review of Technologies Based on Electrophysiological Signals.

Loss of voice is a serious concern for a laryngectomee which should be addressed prior to planning the procedure. Voice rehabilitation options must be educated before the surgery. Even though many devices have been in use, each device has got its limitations.

Outcomes of transcutaneous retrobulbar Amphotericin B (TRAMB) as an adjuvant therapy for rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) following COVID-19.

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of transcutaneous retrobulbar Amphotericin B (TRAMB) for rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis (ROCM) post-COVID-19, as an adjuvant to standard systemic antifungal therapy.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study involving ROCM patients with clinical/radiological orbital involvement, 44 eyes with ROCM stage ≥ 3B received TRAMB for 7 consecutive days with liposomal Amphotericin-B (3.5 mg/ml) with a minimum clinical and radiological follow-up of 3 months.

Our Experience with Laryngotracheal Trauma (LTT) in a Tertiary Care Centre of Western Rajasthan.

LTT is a life-threatening incident that is fortunately rare. The presenting symptoms might not correlate with the intensity of trauma and range from mild endolaryngeal edema to complete laryngotracheal transection. An early diagnosis and timely intervention is required for successful outcomes and minimizing complications.

Otology Training in India: Is It Up to the Mark?

Unlabelled: Different studies have shown that a significant number of medical graduates do not achieve the necessary preparedness for delivery of effective health care in a safe and acceptable manner. Various studies have been undertaken to explore the competencies of surgical residents in otorhinolaryngology. This study was carried out to find out the status of training in otology being provided across different institutions in India.

New-onset hyperglycaemia and prolonged systemic corticosteroids therapy in mild COVID-19 patients as major risk factors for invasive mucormycosis: a preliminary study.

Background And Purpose: Rapid surge of invasive mucormycosis has surprised the Indian healthcare system amidst the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hence, there is an urgent need to find the risk factors for the sudden rise in cases of invasive mucormycosis among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to find crucial risk factors for the sudden surge of invasive mucormycosis in India.

Challenges in Management of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies with Delayed Presentation: An Institutional Experience.

 Airway foreign bodies are emergencies involving multidisciplinary departments like Pediatrics, Aneasthesiology and Otorhinolaryngology. It is always a challenge to diagnose and manage patients who present late to our emergencies.  In the present study, we aim to analyze the various challenges faced during the management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies with delayed presentation.

Assessment of preoperative and postoperative cardiac function in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Chronic upper airway obstruction caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy is one of the major cause of morbidity in children. It can lead to Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome, Pulmonary Hypertension, Cor Pulmonale and right heart failure. The study aimed to evaluate and compare various parameters of cardiac function with the help of echocardiography preoperatively and postoperatively in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Surgical & medical management of ROCM (Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis) epidemic in COVID-19 era and its outcomes - a tertiary care center experience.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of patients with ROCM (Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis) following their medical and surgical management.

Materials And Methods: It is a prognostic study based in a tertiary care center in North-Western India. Patients who developed ROCM post COVID-19 infection from 1st September 2020 to 30th June 2021 were included in this study.

Correlation Between the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Matrix Metalloproteinase-13, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1, p16 and Differentiation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-13, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) could be a useful predictor of tumour differentiation, nodal metastasis, and invasiveness. We conducted this study to ascertain the correlation between the expression of these markers and differentiation of tumour cells.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center.

Relative contributions of radiation and cisplatin-based chemotherapy to sensorineural hearing loss in head-and-neck cancer patients.

Background: One of the debilitating complications of head and neck cancer radiotherapy is hearing loss.

Objective: To quantify the magnitude of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in the head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy.

Design And Methods: This is a prospective study.

Does Prolonged Use of N95 Masks Affect Nasal Mucociliary Clearance? A Single Group Pre-Post Study.

Objective: It has been shown that prolonged use of face masks results in physiological changes in the nasal cavity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of prolonged use of face masks on nasal mucociliary clearance (NMC).

Methods: A single group pre-post study was conducted to determine the effects of prolonged use of N95 face mask (≥4 hours) on the NMC rates in health care workers.

Tips and Pearls for Tracheostomy during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The number of critically-ill coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients requiring mechanical ventilation is on the rise. Most guidelines suggest keeping the patient intubated and delay elective tracheostomy. Although the current literature does not support early tracheostomy, the number of patients undergoing it is increasing.

Rapid Response Preparedness for Management of Post-Covid Invasive Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Fungal Infections: Experience from a Tertiary Care Government Institute in India.

Sudden surge of Post Covid-19 Rhino-orbito-mucormycosis cases has left entire ENT fraternity in the center of a war room. We present a quick administrative preparedness for this situation in a tertiary care Government Institute in India. This model may serve as a reference for other centers.

Ten-eleven translocase: key regulator of the methylation landscape in cancer.

Purpose: Methylation of 5th residue of cytosine in CpG island forms 5-methylcytosine which is stable, heritable epigenetic mark. Methylation levels are broadly governed by methyltransferases and demethylases. An aberration in the demethylation process contributes to the silencing of gene expression.

Identifying the Facial Nerve in Parotid Surgeries: How We Do It.

Introduction: The facial nerve is an important structure related to parotid gland surgery. Its identification at the time of surgery is critical. Multiple anatomical landmarks have been described to aid in its identification.

Endoscopy in Otorhinolaryngology During Corona Outbreak: A Proposal for Safe Practice.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of viral pneumonia that has paralysed the entire world both in terms of health and economy. It has been recently declared as a global pandemic. All the health care professionals must be aware of the disease entity and take precautionary measures to control its transmission from person to person, particularly in hospital settings.

Bilateral congenital aplasia of nasal lower lateral cartilage: a rare anomaly.

Congenital nasal anomalies are rare and occur in 1/20 000-1/40 000 newborns. An 8-year-old boy presented with developmental aplasia of bilateral nasal lower lateral cartilages, with excessive wrinkled and loose skin on the dorsum of the nose and with difficulty breathing through the nose. This is probably the first such case to be reported in the literature.