Schistosoma sex-biased microRNAs regulate ovarian development and egg production by targeting Wnt signaling pathway.

Adult Schistosoma produces a large number of eggs that play essential roles in host pathology and disease dissemination. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of sexual maturation and egg production may open a new avenue for controlling schistosomiasis. Here, we describe that Bantam miRNA and miR-1989 regulate Wnt signaling pathway by targeting Frizzled-5/7/9, which is involved in ovarian development and oviposition.

extracellular vesicle proteins serve as effective biomarkers for diagnosing parasite infection.

species are the causative agent of schistosomiasis and shows worldwide distribution. There is a great need to develop a sensitive diagnostic approach for controlling the disease. Previously, we identified large numbers of Extracellular Vesicle (EV) proteins from (), but rarely these proteins have been evaluated for their diagnostic potential.

Development of a Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation assay for detecting Schistosoma japonicum infection.

Timely and accurate diagnosis of Schistosoma infection is important to adopt effective strategies for schistosomiasis control. Previously, we demonstrated that Schistosoma japonicum can secret extracellular vesicles and their cargos may serve as a novel type of biomarkers for diagnosing schistosomiasis. Here, we developed a Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation assay combined with S.

Exogenous modification of EL-4 T cell extracellular vesicles with miR-155 induce macrophage into M1-type polarization.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promising potential to be used as therapeutics, disease biomarkers, and drug delivery vehicles. We aimed to modify EVs with miR-155 to modulate macrophage immune response that can be potentially used against infectious diseases. Primarily, we characterized T cells (EL-4) EVs by several standardized techniques and confirmed that the EVs could be used for experimental approaches.

Metagenomic sequencing for identifying pathogen-specific circulating DNAs and development of diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis.

Timely diagnosis of infection, particularly in the early stage is crucial for identifying infected hosts and then taking effective control strategies. Here, metagenomic next-generation sequencing was used to identify pathogen-specific circulating DNAs (cDNAs) in the sera/plasma of New Zealand rabbits infected with , and the identified cDNAs were validated by PCR and qPCR. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based CRISPR-Cas12a and recombinase polymerase amplification-based lateral flow strip (RPA-LF) methods combined with the newly identified cDNA were developed to evaluate the potentials for diagnosing murine and human schistosomiasis.

Dynamic miRNA profile of host T cells during early hepatic stages of infection.

Schistosomes undergo complicated migration in final hosts during infection, associated with differential immune responses. It has been shown that CD4 T cells play critical roles in response to infections and accumulated documents have indicated that miRNAs tightly regulate T cell activity. However, miRNA profiles in host T cells associated with infection remain poorly characterized.

Genome-wide identification of circular RNAs in adult Schistosoma japonicum.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel, widespread, covalently closed RNAs that have played an essential role in animal gene regulation. To systematically explore circRNAs in the blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum, we performed RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, and found that hundreds of circRNAs showed gender-associated expression. Among these identified circRNAs, more than 77.

Characterization of MicroRNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From the Plasma of -Infected Mice.

is a genus of parasitic trematodes that undergoes complex migration in final hosts, finally developing into adult worms, which are responsible for egg production and disease dissemination. Recent studies documented the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the regulation of host-parasite interactions. Herein, we investigated the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of EVs isolated from host plasma at different stages of infection (lung stage: 3 days post-infection (dpi), and liver stages: 14 and 21 dpi) to identify miRNA cargo potentially involved in the pathogenesis and immune regulation of schistosomiasis.

Transcriptional profiles of genes potentially involved in extracellular vesicle biogenesis in Schistosoma japonicum.

Schistosomiasis is a severe chronic disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma. Recent studies indicate that schistosomes can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play important regulatory roles in many biological processes. However, the mechanisms underlying EV biogenesis in schistosomes are poorly understood.

RNA sequencing analysis of altered expression of long noncoding RNAs associated with Schistosoma japonicum infection in the murine liver and spleen.

Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic, debilitating infectious disease caused by members of the genus Schistosoma. Previous findings have suggested a relationship between infection with Schistosoma spp. and alterations in the liver and spleen of infected animals.

Proteomic and deep sequencing analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from adult male and female Schistosoma japonicum.

Schistosomes are the causative agent of schistosomiasis, which affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Unlike other trematode parasites, schistosomes (along with the Didymozoidae) have evolved separate sexes. Pairing of males and females is a prerequisite for female sexual development and subsequent egg production.

Detection of circulating cell-free DNA to diagnose Schistosoma japonicum infection.

Schistosomiasis occurs in 240 million people worldwide and is a major public health concern. Thus, early diagnosis and monitoring of schistosomiasis progression are needed to treat patients. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present as fragments of parasite-derived DNA in host body fluids.

Host miR-148 regulates a macrophage-mediated immune response during Schistosoma japonicum infection.

Extracellular vesicles are critical regulators of host-parasite interactions. We previously demonstrated that Schistosoma japonicum EVs contain a remarkably high abundance of host miR-148a. Here, we characterised the abundance of miR-148a in circulation, in peripheral immune cells, and in plasma EVs of S.

Preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic potential of Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicle proteins for Schistosomiasis japonica.

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the genus Schistosoma and poses a great threat to human and animal health. Identification of effective biomarkers would facilitate evaluation of drug efficacy and recognition of infected hosts, which are crucial for effective schistosomiasis control. Extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins are considered ideal biomarkers for developing invasive diagnostic tools.

14-3-3 protein and ubiquitin C acting as SjIAP interaction partners facilitate tegumental integrity in Schistosoma japonicum.

Schistosomiasis, caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, remains an important public health issue. Adult schistosomes can survive in the definitive host for several decades, although they are subject to the host immune response. Consequently, understanding the mechanism underlying worm survival in the definitive hosts could aid in developing novel strategies against schistosomiasis.

Roles of microRNAs in T cell immunity: Implications for strategy development against infectious diseases.

T cell immunity plays a vital role in pathogen infections. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded noncoding RNAs that regulate T cell immunity by targeting key transcriptional factors, signaling proteins, and cytokines associated with T cell activation, differentiation, and function. The dysregulation of miRNA expression in T cells may lead to specific immune responses and can provide new therapeutic opportunities against various infectious diseases.

Molecular characterization, expression profile, and preliminary evaluation of diagnostic potential of CD63 in Schistosoma japonicum.

Schistosomes are the causative agents of human schistosomiasis, which is endemic in tropical and subtropical zones. CD63 is a member of the tetraspanin protein family widely expressed among eukaryotes. Previously, we identified a CD63 homolog from extracellular vesicles isolated from Schistosoma japonicum.

Preliminary evaluation of neoblast-like stem cell factor and transcript expression profiles in Schistosoma japonicum.

Neoblast-like stem cell factors and transcripts are essential for cell proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that nanos, sox, and vasa-like transcription factors are associated with neoblast-like stem cells in Schistosoma mansoni and play crucial roles in the regulation of worm development. However, these neoblast-like stem cell factors and transcripts and their expression profiles remain unknown in Schistosoma japonicum.

Schistosoma japonicum IAP and Teg20 safeguard tegumental integrity by inhibiting cellular apoptosis.

Schistosomes are causative agents of human schistosomiasis, which is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Adult schistosomes can survive in their final hosts for several decades, and they have evolved various strategies to overcome the host immune response. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms that regulate parasitic cell survival will open avenues for developing novel strategies against schistosomiasis.

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment. EVs represent a population of heterogeneous vesicles, whose size range between 40 and 1,000 nm. Accumulated evidence indicated that EVs play important regulatory roles in pathogen-host interactions.

In silico analysis of endogenous siRNAs associated transposable elements and NATs in Schistosoma japonicum reveals their putative roles during reproductive development.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by trematode of the genus Schistosoma. Successful reproductive development is critical for the production of eggs, which are responsible for host pathology and disease dissemination. Endogenous small non-coding RNAs play important roles in many biological processes such as protection against foreign pathogens, cell differentiation, and chromosomal stability by regulating target gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.