Epigenetic differences in the tumor suppressor genes and between Nepalese and Swedish patients with colorectal cancer.

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, exhibiting significant variance in incidence rates across different ethnicities and geographical regions. Notably, there is a rising incidence of CRC among younger adults, particularly evident in advanced stages, with a more pronounced trend observed in developing nations. Epigenetic alterations potentially play a role in the early onset of CRC and could elucidate interpopulation disparities.

Segmental resection with primary reconstruction using patient- specific implant for odontogenic fibromyxoma: An illustrative rare case from Nepal.

Introduction: Odontogenic fibromyxoma (OFM) is a round and locally invasive neoplasm predominantly seen in the mandible. Though radiographic appearance is variable, definitive diagnosis is based on correlation with histopathological examination. Surgical approach is the treatment of choice.

Transcriptome analysis of infecting strawberry identified RXLR effectors that induce cell death when transiently expressed in .

is a plant pathogenic oomycete that causes crown rot in strawberry leading to significant economic losses every year. To invade the host, secretes an arsenal of effectors that can manipulate host physiology and impair its defense system promoting infection. A transcriptome analysis was conducted on a susceptible wild strawberry genotype () 48 hours post inoculation with to identify effectors expressed during the early infection stage.

Richter supraumbilical hernia managed with invagination: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Richter's hernia is an incarceration of the anti-mesenteric border of a segment of bowel through an abdominal wall defect. It primarily affects elderly individuals but can occur at any age, with a slightly increased incidence in females. The increase in laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures has led to a rise in Richter's hernias.

A rare case of retained metallic foreign body in liver: case report and review of literature.

Introduction And Importance: Foreign bodies in the liver are uncommon but can lead to severe conditions like liver abscess and sepsis. They typically enter through direct penetration, migration from the gastrointestinal tract, or through the blood. Common foreign objects include metal pins, or sewing needles swallowed accidentally.

Assessing the comparative efficacy of plasmapheresis and Intravenous immunoglobulin in myasthenia gravis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness, posing significant challenges to patients' daily lives. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis are two prominent immunomodulatory therapies used in MG management, but the choice between them remains a clinical dilemma. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the comparative efficacy of IVIG versus plasmapheresis in MG management.

Intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst (wayward cyst): A rare presentation of traumatic pancreatitis.

Introduction: Cystic lesions in the liver are commonly encountered space-occupying lesions having various etiologies such as simple cysts, malignancies, hydatid cysts, and pancreatic pseudocysts.

Case Presentation: An eight-year-old girl initially presented with acute abdominal pain, fever, and a cystic lesion in the upper abdomen. Surgical intervention was performed based on an initial diagnosis of an inflammatory cyst.

Radiolucent foreign body leading to complete small bowel obstruction: a diagnostic dilemma - a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Foreign body ingestion leading to luminal obstruction in both the small and large bowels is rare, especially in children. The authors present a case of a 7-year-old patient who presented with a small bowel obstruction caused by an ingested radiolucent foreign body. The previous herniotomy surgery 1 year back led to initial diagnostic confusion, highlighting the need for a broad differential diagnosis.

Bacteriological Profile of Surgical Site Infection Following Gastrointestinal Surgery and Their Antibiogram.

Background: Surgical site infection is one of the common complication following abdominal surgery. It causes great morbidity and mortality, further increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria have made its management very challenging. The current study aims to identify causative agent responsible for surgical site infection and their antibiotic resistance patterns.

Post-operative Pancreatitis as a Predictor of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in Patients Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula remains the single most important determinant of morbidity and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy. A new entity was proposed by Saxon Connor "Post-Operative pancreatitis", which is defined by raised serum amylase more than the upper limit of institutional serum amylase value on Post-Operative day 0 or 1. There has been shown to be an association between postoperative pancreatitis and postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Hepatogastric fistula: a complication of pyogenic liver abscess in a patient with the Brugarda syndrome - A rare case report.

Unlabelled: Hepatogastric fistula following pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a rare and fatal complication, and only a handful of cases have been reported without co-existing comorbidities of Brugarda syndrome.

Case Presentation: A 22-year-old male presented to the emergency room with a known case of Brugarda pattern ECG with chief complaints of on-and-off abdominal pain and fever for 2 weeks and shortness of breath for one day. On evaluation, echocardiography showed a clot in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA), and on computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a liver abscess with transmural gastric perforation.

Spigelian hernia: A rare case presentation and review of literature.

Introduction And Importance: Spigelian hernias are rare abdominal wall defects that occur at the semilunar line lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle. They are located between the muscular layers of the abdominal wall and can be easily overlooked because of abdominal obesity. They are difficult to diagnose because of their location and vague symptoms.

Biliary Cripple and the Spectrum of Complications following Cholecystectomy: A Case Report.

Bile duct injury is a complication seen during cholecystectomy. Here, we highlight the occurrence of bile duct injury (BDI) during an open cholecystectomy who underwent hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), later presenting with a stricture of HJ. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was performed which led to the development of hepatic artery injury.

Mesenteric Ischemia and Its Need for Timely Recognition and Management.

Mesenteric ischemia is a fatal vascular emergency of the small intestine which, if not diagnosed and treated in time, has a very high mortality rate. Presenting with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, tachycardia, and gastrointestinal bleeds, it can masquerade as other causes of acute abdomen, particularly bowel obstruction. Ideal laboratory tests and markers are still lacking due to complexity in bowel's anatomy, physiology, blood supply, and drainage.

Comparison of POSSUM and SAPS II in Prediction of Postoperative Mortality in Hollow Viscus Perforation.

Background: There have been very few studies in the literature assessing various scoring systems to predict mortality in patients with hollow viscous perforation. Scoring systems like POSSUM and SAPS II are among the most widely validated risk predictors. Objective of the study was to compare POSSUM and SAPS II in prediction of mortality in patients undergoing surgery for hollow viscus perforation.

Colonic tuberculosis masquerading as ascending colon carcinoma in a patient of FIGO Stage IIB cervical carcinoma following chemo-radiotherapy: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Colonic tuberculosis may masquerade colonic carcinoma. Also, intestinal tuberculosis may mimic colonic carcinoma, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, etc. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40 years female was diagnosed with cervical carcinoma FIGO Stage IIB underwent chemo-radiotherapy.

Comparison of serum biomarkers cifra 21-1 and ca 19-9 in biliary tract cancers.

Background: Biliary malignancy is common in Asia and has high fatality. CA 19-9 has been used in diagnosis of biliary malignancy but can be raised in benign obstructive jaundice as well. CYFRA 21-1 can have an important role in patients with biliary tract cancer.

Efficacy of Disinfectants Against Tropical Race 4 Causing Fusarium Wilt in Cavendish Bananas.

Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by a suite of fungi, is among the most devastating plant diseases. The iconic FWB epidemic in the previous century lasted decades and was caused by so-called Race 1 strains that wiped out the dominant 'Gros Michel' banana plantations across Central America. Eventually, it was stopped because the Race 1-resistant 'Cavendish' banana variety replaced 'Gros Michel', which dominates global production (>50%) and trade (>95%).

Intra-abdominal propylene suture fragment leading to complete small bowel obstruction: A case report.

Introduction: Propylene sutures are non-absorbable sterile surgical sutures, which when present intra-abdominally act as a foreign body leading to adhesion formation. Post-operative adhesions are a common cause of bowel obstruction, with complete closed loop obstruction presenting as a surgical emergency.

Case Details: A 66-year-old man who had undergone a laparotomy for bowel obstruction two years back, presented to our emergency department with features of complete bowel obstruction.

Oncology clinical practice guidelines usage among physicians in Nepal.

Objective: Oncology clinical practice guidelines (OCPGs) are systematically developed evidence-based recommendations aimed to guide practitioners in decision making during the diagnosis, management, and treatment of cancer patients under specific circumstances, thereby optimizing clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the implementation of those guidelines in low and middle-income countries including Nepal. This research aimed to identify the type of OCPGs used by Nepalese physicians working in oncology departments and to explore barriers and facilitators affecting their use.

A Ruptured Pseudoaneurysm of an Anomalous Gastroduodenal Artery: A Rare Presentation.

Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) anomalies are a rare entity. Rupture of such anomalies can present with a diagnostic challenge. In this report, we describe a case of ruptured pseudoaneurysm of an anomalous GDA arising directly from the aorta presenting with recurrent abdominal pain and anemia.

Jejunal GIST masquerading as an ovarian mass: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal tumors originating in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Jejunal GIST is the rarest subtype. Large GIST can present with an abdominopelvic mass which can be preoperatively misdiagnosed as a gynecological tumor.

Portal hypertension: An uncommon presentation of Caroli's syndrome.

Portal hypertension is not a classical presentation of Caroli's syndrome. However, some young children can present with overt signs and symptoms indicative of advanced disease state despite the improvement in imaging technology which has decreased its diagnostic age. High index of clinical suspicion can help in timely diagnosis and management.

Pancreatic Configuration Index in Predicting Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal.

Background: Post-operative pancreatic fistula is the single most common and most significant cause of post-operative morbidity and perioperative mortality. Identification of at risk patient preoperatively help to take policy of extra vigilance to act on time. This study evaluated the predictive role and cut-off value of pancreatic configuration index to predict post-operative pancreatic fistula.