A machine-learning tool to predict substrate-adaptive conditions for Pd-catalyzed C-N couplings.

Machine-learning methods have great potential to accelerate the identification of reaction conditions for chemical transformations. A tool that gives substrate-adaptive conditions for palladium (Pd)-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen (C-N) couplings is presented. The design and construction of this tool required the generation of an experimental dataset that explores a diverse network of reactant pairings across a set of reaction conditions.

Second-Generation Atroposelective Synthesis of KRAS G12C Covalent Inhibitor GDC-6036.

A chromatography-free asymmetric synthesis of GDC-6036 () was achieved via a highly atroposelective Negishi coupling of aminopyridine and quinazoline catalyzed by 0.5 mol % [Pd(cin)Cl] and 1 mol % (,)-Chiraphite to afford the key intermediate ()-. An alkoxylation of ()- with ()--methylprolinol () and a global deprotection generates the penultimate heterobiaryl intermediate .

White Parents' Socialization of Racial Attitudes: A Commentary on Scott et al. (2020).

In the September 2020 issue of , Scott et al. argued that there is insufficient empirical work on White parents' racial-socialization strategies to support generalizations about the topic and, therefore, that journalists' recommendation that White parents discuss race and racism with their children represents a case of speculation without evidence. Although we strongly support Scott et al.

When multiracial individuals are the numerical majority: Children's racial attitudes in the Dominican Republic.

The Dominican Republic is a uniquely valuable context in which to study children's racial stereotyping and prejudice, in part because multiracial individuals comprise the majority of the population and race is viewed largely as a continuous rather than dichotomous construct. In two studies, we use developmental and social theories to ground an exploration of Dominican children's racial biases. In studies 1 ( = 54; ages 6-11) and 2 ( = 122; ages 6-11), children were given measures of racial identity, preference, stereotyping, and/or status.

Toward a Developmental Science of Politics.

In this monograph, we argue for the establishment of a developmental science of politics that describes, explains, and predicts the formation and change of individuals' political knowledge, attitudes, and behavior beginning in childhood and continuing across the life course. Reflecting our goal of contributing both theoretical conceptualizations and empirical data, we have organized the monograph into two broad sections. In the first section, we outline theoretical contributions that the study of politics may make to developmental science and provide practical reasons that empirical research in the domain of politics is important (e.

Enantiospecific Synthesis of ortho-Substituted 1,1-Diarylalkanes by a 1,2-Metalate Rearrangement/anti-S 2' Elimination/Rearomatizing Allylic Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction Sequence.

The one-pot sequential coupling of benzylamines, boronic esters, and aryl iodides has been investigated. In the presence of an N-activator, the boronate complex formed from an ortho-lithiated benzylamine and a boronic ester undergoes stereospecific 1,2-metalate rearrangement/anti-S 2' elimination to form a dearomatized tertiary boronic ester. Treatment with an aryl iodide under palladium catalysis leads to rearomatizing γ-selective allylic Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling to generate 1,1-diarylalkanes.

The future of sex and gender in psychology: Five challenges to the gender binary.

The view that humans comprise only two types of beings, women and men, a framework that is sometimes referred to as the "gender binary," played a profound role in shaping the history of psychological science. In recent years, serious challenges to the gender binary have arisen from both academic research and social activism. This review describes 5 sets of empirical findings, spanning multiple disciplines, that fundamentally undermine the gender binary.

ortho-Directing Chromium Arene Complexes as Efficient Mediators for Enantiospecific C(sp )-C(sp ) Cross-Coupling Reactions.

A new strategy for the coupling of a broad scope of electronically diverse aromatics to boronic esters is reported. The coupling sequence, which relies on the directed ortho-lithiation of chromium arene complexes followed by boronate formation and oxidation, occurs with complete ortho-selectivity and enantiospecificity to give the coupling products in excellent yields and with high functional group tolerance. An intermediate chromium arene boronate complex was characterized by X-ray, NMR, and IR experiments to elucidate the reaction mechanism.

Distal axotomy enhances retrograde presynaptic excitability onto injured pyramidal neurons via trans-synaptic signaling.

Injury of CNS nerve tracts remodels circuitry through dendritic spine loss and hyper-excitability, thus influencing recovery. Due to the complexity of the CNS, a mechanistic understanding of injury-induced synaptic remodeling remains unclear. Using microfluidic chambers to separate and injure distal axons, we show that axotomy causes retrograde dendritic spine loss at directly injured pyramidal neurons followed by retrograde presynaptic hyper-excitability.

Enantiospecific Synthesis of ortho-Substituted Benzylic Boronic Esters by a 1,2-Metalate Rearrangement/1,3-Borotropic Shift Sequence.

Coupling reactions between benzylamines and boronic esters have been investigated. ortho-Lithiated benzylamines react with boronic esters and a N-activator to afford ortho-substituted benzylic boronic esters with formal 1,1'-benzylidene insertion into the C-B bond. The reaction occurs by a S2' elimination and 1,2-metalate rearrangement of the N-activated boronate complex to afford a dearomatized intermediate, which undergoes a Lewis-acid catalyzed 1,3-borotropic shift to afford the boronic ester products in high yield and with excellent enantiospecificity.

Messenger RNAs localized to distal projections of human stem cell derived neurons.

The identification of mRNAs in distal projections of model organisms has led to the discovery of multiple proteins that are locally synthesized for functional roles such as axon guidance, injury signaling and regeneration. The extent to which local protein synthesis is conserved in human neurons is unknown. Here we used compartmentalized microfluidic chambers to characterize the transcriptome of distal projections of human embryonic stem cells differentiated using a protocol which enriched for glutamatergic neurons (hESC-neurons).

Children's Intergroup Relations and Attitudes.

The existence of warm, intimate, supportive, and egalitarian relationships between members of differing social outgroups is likely, at the societal level, to facilitate cooperation and cohesion, and at the individual level, to promote positive social, educational, and occupational outcomes. The developmental pathway from intergroup contact to intergroup attitudes as it operates among children is not, however, well understood. In our chapter, we review and integrate selected social and developmental science related to intergroup relations and attitudes with the goal of proposing a conceptual model of the pathway from intergroup contact to positive intergroup attitudes among youth.

A review of human sensory dynamics for application to models of driver steering and speed control.

In comparison with the high level of knowledge about vehicle dynamics which exists nowadays, the role of the driver in the driver-vehicle system is still relatively poorly understood. A large variety of driver models exist for various applications; however, few of them take account of the driver's sensory dynamics, and those that do are limited in their scope and accuracy. A review of the literature has been carried out to consolidate information from previous studies which may be useful when incorporating human sensory systems into the design of a driver model.

Intermingled Klebsiella pneumoniae Populations Between Retail Meats and Human Urinary Tract Infections.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, companion animals, and livestock. To better understand potential contributions of foodborne K. pneumoniae to human clinical infections, we compared K.

Highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of ketones with chiral (NH)2 P2 macrocyclic iron(II) complexes.

Bis(isonitrile) iron(II) complexes bearing a C2 -symmetric diamino (NH)2 P2 macrocyclic ligand efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of polar bonds of a broad scope of substrates (ketones, enones, and imines) in high yield (up to 99.5 %), excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee), and with low catalyst loading (generally 0.1 mol %).

Isonitrile iron(II) complexes with chiral N2P2 macrocycles in the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of ketones.

Bis(isonitrile) iron(II) complexes bearing a C2-symmetric N2P2 macrocyclic ligand, which are easily prepared from the corresponding bis(acetonitrile) analogue, catalyze the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of a broad scope of ketones in excellent yields (up to 98%) and with high enantioselectivity (up to 91% ee).

The inherence heuristic: a key theoretical addition to understanding social stereotyping and prejudice.

Prior work has detailed the constructivist processes that lead individuals to categorize others along particular dimensions (e.g., gender) and generate the content (e.

Deep sequencing shows multiple oligouridylations are required for 3' to 5' degradation of histone mRNAs on polyribosomes.

Histone mRNAs are rapidly degraded when DNA replication is inhibited during S phase with degradation initiating with oligouridylation of the stem loop at the 3' end. We developed a customized RNA sequencing strategy to identify the 3' termini of degradation intermediates of histone mRNAs. Using this strategy, we identified two types of oligouridylated degradation intermediates: RNAs ending at different sites of the 3' side of the stem loop that resulted from initial degradation by 3'hExo and intermediates near the stop codon and within the coding region.

SU-E-T-507: Dose Calculation Quality of AcurosXB Involving a HD120 MLC Compared with Monte Carlo Methods.

Purpose: Advanced radiation therapy requires highly sophisticated dose calculation algorithms such as finite element based Boltzmann solvers or Monte Carlo (MC) methods. MC is commonly accepted as the golden standard method for dose calculation in high energy treatments and thus it is used for benchmarking other algorithms. In this work the quality of dose distribution calculated using the Boltzmann solver based AcurosXB algorithm within Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) is investigated for volumetric modulated arc treatment (VMAT) plans involving the high definition MLC (HD120 MLC) by comparing doses with the validated Swiss Monte Carlo Plan (SMCP).

Relations between colorblind socialization and children's racial bias: evidence from European American mothers and their preschool children.

To examine European American parents' racial socialization, mothers (n = 84) were videotaped while reading 2 race-themed books to their 4- to 5-year-old children and completed surveys concerning their racial attitudes and behaviors. Children completed measures of their racial attitudes and both groups (mothers and preschoolers) predicted the others' racial attitudes. Results indicated that nearly all mothers adopted "colormute" and "colorblind" approaches to socialization.