Investigation on performance of multiple AI-based auto-contouring systems in organs at risks (OARs) delineation.

Manual contouring of organs at risk (OAR) is time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variability. AI-based auto-contouring is proposed as a solution to these problems if it can produce clinically acceptable results. This study investigated the performance of multiple AI-based auto-contouring systems in different OAR segmentations.

A Systematic Review to Summarise and Appraise the Reporting of Surgical Innovation: a Case Study in Robotic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RRYGB) is an innovative alternative to traditional laparoscopic approaches. Literature has been published investigating its safety/efficacy; however, the quality of reporting is uncertain. This systematic review used the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term follow-up (IDEAL) framework to assess the reporting quality of available literature.

Impact of setup errors on the robustness of linac-based single-isocenter coplanar and non-coplanar VMAT plans for multiple brain metastases.

Purpose: Patient setup errors have been a primary concern impacting the dose delivery accuracy in radiation therapy. A robust treatment plan might mitigate the effects of patient setup errors. In this reported study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of translational and rotational errors on the robustness of linac-based, single-isocenter, coplanar, and non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans for multiple brain metastases.

Psychological consequences of a diagnosis of infertility in men: a systematic analysis.

Almost half of infertility cases involve male infertility. Understanding the consequence of a diagnosis of male infertility, as a sole or partial contributor to the couples' infertility, to the mental health of men is required to ensure clinical care meets their psychological needs. The aim of this systematic analysis was to synthesize the evidence regarding whether men diagnosed with male factor infertility experience greater psychological distress than (1) men described as fertile and (2) men in couples with other infertility diagnoses.

Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion (DiGeorge Syndrome): Immunologic Features, Diagnosis, and Management.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on immunologic findings, relationships among immunologic findings and associated conditions of autoimmunity and atopy, and management of immunologic disease in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS, historically known as DiGeorge syndrome).

Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for unexplained male infertility: study protocol for Australian Male Infertility Exposure (AMIE), a case-control study.

Background: Approximately 1 in 20 men are sub-fertile or infertile yet the aetiologies of male infertility remain largely unexplained. It is suggested that lifestyle choices and environmental factors contribute but research is limited. In particular, no study has evaluated early life exposures and subsequent male infertility.

Limited evidence of patient-to-patient transmission of Staphylococcus aureus strains between children with cystic fibrosis, Queensland, Australia.

Objectives: Here we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to understand strain diversity and potential for patient-to-patient transmission of Staphylococcus aureus among children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Queensland, Australia.

Methods: S. aureus isolates (n = 401) collected between January 2018 and April 2019 from 184 patients with CF (n = 318 isolates) and 76 patients without CF (n = 83 isolates) were subjected to WGS and subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and a phylogeny was constructed from core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.

PreciSSIon: a collaborative initiative to reduce surgical site infections after elective colorectal surgery.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common after colorectal surgery, but most hospitals do not know their SSI rates. Approximately half of SSIs occur after discharge, and postdischarge surveillance is needed for accurate measurement. Perioperative care bundles are known to reduce SSI rates.

A systematic review of robot-assisted anti-reflux surgery to examine reporting standards.

Robot-assisted anti-reflux surgery (RA-ARS) is increasingly being used to treat refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow up) Collaboration's framework aims to improve the evaluation of surgical innovation, but the extent to which the evolution of RA-ARS has followed this model is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the standard to which RA-ARS has been reported during its evolution, in relation to the IDEAL framework.

Controlling adsorption density of polymer-stabilised metal nanoparticles at the oil-water interface.

Emulsion droplets offer an alternative to solid supports as templates for the deposition of metallic nanoparticles. An emulsion interface provides the opportunity to exploit both sides of the nanoparticles and to utilise the liquid core as a microreactor in addition to forming a scaffold for encapsulation. However, despite the extensive literature studying a very broad range of factors influencing the characteristics of particle-stabilised (Pickering) emulsions, most reports focus on particles of diameters >100 nm and a very small proportions consider particles of diameters <10 nm.

Allergic disease, sleep problems, and psychological distress in children recruited from the general community.

Background: It is not clear which allergic disease is most strongly related to which sleep problem and whether sleep problems may mediate the association between allergic disease and psychological distress. There is also a need for more community-based studies using nonreferred samples.

Objective: To evaluate the association between individual allergic diseases and sleep problems and test whether the association between allergic disease and psychological distress is mediated through sleep problems.

Short report: Sleep talking and mental health in children with developmental problems and typically developing children.

Background: Sleep talking although often considered benign is associated with poor mental health. However, it remains to be tested whether this association may be better explained by the presence of co-morbid sleep problems and the presence in survey samples of children with development disorders who tend to report a higher frequency of both sleep problems and poor mental health.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between sleep talking and mental health after controlling for comorbid sleep problems in typically developing children and children with developmental problems.

Surgical site infection prevention bundle in elective colorectal surgery.

Objective: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are responsible for a significant economic burden as well as intangible costs suffered by the patient, with up to 60% deemed preventable. Colorectal patients are disproportionally affected by SSI due the risk of wound contamination with bowel content. We aimed to reduce the rate of superficial SSI after elective colorectal surgery using a bundle of evidence-based interventions.

Nurse and allied health professional experiences and attitudes toward critical care research: A national questionnaire study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate nurse and allied health professional experiences and attitudes toward critical care research in Wales.

Methods: Data were collected related to demographic characteristics, involvement in and understanding of research, perceived influences and attitudes towards research. We calculated means (ranges) for continuous variable and frequencies (proportions) for discrete variables and performed an exploratory factor analysis.

Deposition of non-porous calcium phosphate shells onto liquid filled microcapsules.

The efficient encapsulation of small molecule active ingredients has been a challenge for many decades across many commercial applications. Recently, successful attempts to address this issue have included deposition of thin metal shells onto liquid filled polymer microcapsules or emulsion droplets to provide an impermeable barrier to diffusion. In this work we have developed a novel method to protect small molecule active ingredients by deposition of thin mineral shells.

Linac reported steering error insensitive to 6 MV FFF transverse beam position deviations.

Clinically significant beam position deviations were observed for a 6 MV FFF beam during patient specific QA on an Elekta linear accelerator. There was no significant reported transverse steering error from the machine ion chamber, and routine linac QA practices, including cardinal angle Winston-Lutz test, did not identify the deviations. Subsequent investigation using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) revealed clinically significant beam position deviations for small steering errors.

Intergenerational Commensality: A Critical Discussion on Non-Familial Age Groups Eating Together.

Connecting intergenerational relationships and commensality has been a neglected area in research and conceptual development within both food and life-course studies. This has been especially true of relations beyond the family. Here, public and private settings are explored in order to examine the relationship between eating together and generationally intelligent empathy.

Sleep disordered breathing in children: which symptoms do parents consider a problem?

Study Objective: Parents tend to under-report symptoms suggestive of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) at medical consultation. It is thought that a contributing factor may be whether parents view SDB symptoms as a problem. The aim of the study was to examine to what extent parents view SDB symptoms as a problem in children recruited from the general community and especially in children who currently have symptoms suggestive of SDB.

Investigating Adsorbing Viscoelastic Fluids Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance.

There is little research on using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with adsorbing viscoelastic fluids. These fluids are widely encountered but often difficult to study as many are opaque and highly viscous. Since the QCM does not involve any scattering or reflection of input radiation, it has the potential to study these complex fluids to determine the relative viscoelasticity of the bulk fluid and surface adsorption of active species onto different substrates.

Impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon.

Aim: The involvement of surgeons in major adverse outcomes can have a negative impact on their personal and professional lives, as well as on patient outcomes. Healthcare professionals involved in such incidents have been referred to as 'second victims'. We designed an online survey to study the impact of operative complications on surgeons' professional and personal lives.