Multiple Magnetic Bilayers and Unconventional Criticality without Frustration in BaCuSi_{2}O_{6}.

The dimerized quantum magnet BaCuSi_{2}O_{6} was proposed as an example of "dimensional reduction" arising near the magnetic-field-induced quantum critical point (QCP) due to perfect geometrical frustration of its interbilayer interactions. We demonstrate by high-resolution neutron spectroscopy experiments that the effective intrabilayer interactions are ferromagnetic, thereby excluding frustration. We explain the apparent dimensional reduction by establishing the presence of three magnetically inequivalent bilayers, with ratios 3∶2∶1, whose differing interaction parameters create an extra field-temperature scaling regime near the QCP with a nontrivial but nonuniversal exponent.

Magnetic Field Dependence of Excitations Near Spin-Orbital Quantum Criticality.

The spinel FeSc_{2}S_{4} has been proposed to realize a near-critical spin-orbital singlet (SOS) state, where entangled spin and orbital moments fluctuate in a global singlet state on the verge of spin and orbital order. Here we report powder inelastic neutron scattering measurements that observe the full bandwidth of magnetic excitations and we find that spin-orbital triplon excitations of an SOS state can capture well key aspects of the spectrum in both zero and applied magnetic fields up to 8.5 T.

Noncoplanar and counterrotating incommensurate magnetic order stabilized by Kitaev interactions in γ-Li(2)IrO(3).

Materials that realize Kitaev spin models with bond-dependent anisotropic interactions have long been searched for, as the resulting frustration effects are predicted to stabilize novel forms of magnetic order or quantum spin liquids. Here, we explore the magnetism of γ-Li(2)IrO(3), which has the topology of a three-dimensional Kitaev lattice of interconnected Ir honeycombs. Using magnetic resonant x-ray diffraction, we find a complex, yet highly symmetric incommensurate magnetic structure with noncoplanar and counterrotating Ir moments.

Realization of a three-dimensional spin-anisotropic harmonic honeycomb iridate.

Spin and orbital quantum numbers play a key role in the physics of Mott insulators, but in most systems they are connected only indirectly--via the Pauli exclusion principle and the Coulomb interaction. Iridium-based oxides (iridates) introduce strong spin-orbit coupling directly, such that these numbers become entwined together and the Mott physics attains a strong orbital character. In the layered honeycomb iridates this is thought to generate highly spin-anisotropic magnetic interactions, coupling the spin to a given spatial direction of exchange and leading to strongly frustrated magnetism.

One-year survey of carcinoma of the oesophagus and stomach in Wales.

Background: The aim of the study was to identify all patients who presented with oesophagogastric malignancy within a single National Health Service region (Wales) over 1 year, and to follow the cohort for 5 years. Management and outcome were analysed to identify current practice and draft guidelines for Wales.

Methods: Patients were identified from hospital records.

Oesophageal and gastric cancer pathology reporting: a regional audit.

Aim: To audit the information content of pathology reports of oesophageal and gastric cancer resection specimens in Wales.

Methods: All such reports from the 16 NHS histopathology laboratories in Wales in a one year period were evaluated for their information content. Two standards were used: (1) best practice reporting, and (2) a minimum dataset required for informed patient management that included clear statements on histological tumour type, depth of tumour invasion, lymph node involvement, and completeness of excision.

Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in Wales.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of, and mortality in, patients with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) reaching hospital alive in Wales.

Methods: Patients who presented with a ruptured AAA between September 1996 and August 1997 were analysed. Data were collected prospectively by an independent body, observing strict confidentiality.

Vascular surgical society of great britain and ireland: deaths from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in wales.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to determine the true incidence and operative mortality rate of patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who reach hospital alive in Wales. METHODS: Patients presenting with a ruptured AAA between September 1996 and August 1997 were analysed. The data were collected prospectively by an independent body, observing strict confidentiality.

Population-based audit of colorectal cancer management in two UK health regions. Colorectal Cancer Working Group, Royal College of Surgeons of England Clinical Epidemiology and Audit Unit.

Background: To obtain information on the contemporary management of colorectal cancer in the UK to assist in the development of management guidelines, an independent, 1-year population audit was carried out in Trent Region and Wales.

Methods: Data were collected on all patients admitted to hospital with a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a 1-year period.

Results: Of 3520 patients, 3221 (91.

Surgeons' follow-up practice after resection of colorectal cancer.

Consultant surgeons in two United Kingdom Health Regions were invited to complete a questionnaire on details of their personal management of patients with colon and rectal cancer, with particular emphasis on follow-up. Replies from 140 (94%) were analysed by the surgeon's subspecialty of colorectal and gastrointestinal surgery (group 1) and all others (group 2). There was a wide variation in the duration of followup, but no difference between the two groups.

Colorectal cancer pathology reporting: a regional audit.

Aims: To audit the information content of pathology reports of colorectal cancer specimens in one National Health Service region.

Methods: All reports of colorectal cancer resection specimens from the 17 NHS histopathology laboratories in Wales during 1993 were evaluated against: (a) standards previously agreed as desirable by pathologists in Wales; and (b) standards considered to be the minimum required for informed patient management.

Results: 1242 reports were audited.

Control of hydatid disease in Wales.

Objectives: To evaluate the success of the south Powys hydatid control programme by analysis of trends in cystic disease in humans and sheep and dog infestation.

Design: A review of hospital admissions for human hydatid disease in 1984-90, abattoir prevalence surveys of hydatid cysts in adult sheep, arecoline acetarsol and coproantigen surveys of prevalence of Echinococcus infestation in dogs.

Setting: All hospitals in England and Wales, three abattoirs, and dog populations in mid ands south east Wales.

Human hydatid disease: evaluation of an ELISA for diagnosis, population screening and monitoring of control programmes.

The routine use of ELISA and complement fixation tests in the diagnosis of suspected clinical cases of hydatid disease was evaluated. In the ELISA test, dialysed and filtered sheep cyst fluid was used as antigen and two positive cut-off points--+3SD and +2SD of the mean absorbance values of the control sera--were evaluated. The predictive values of ELISA tests were 82% and 90% for positive tests, and 86% and 82% for negative tests, respectively with the two cut-off points.

Outcome of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis: results of the BAPM/CDSC surveillance study, 1981-84.

Neonatologists in 100 special care baby units in the United Kingdom and Ireland collaborated in a four year surveillance study of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. The average overall annual reporting rate of necrotising enterocolitis for infants in England and Wales was 0.3/1000 live births, but ranged from 9.

The changing incidence of human hydatid disease in England and Wales.

The incidence of hospital-diagnosed human hydatid disease acquired in the UK was estimated from a survey based on Hospital Activity Analysis data for the period 1974-83. The average annual incidence in Wales was 0.4 per 100,000 population compared with 0.

Micro-aggregate content of red cell suspensions stored in saline adenine glucose mannitol optimal additive solution.

The micro-aggregate content of blood collected into conventional CPDA-1 preservative was compared with that of red cells stored in saline adenine glucose and mannitol optimal additive preservative solution (SAG-M). The results show that the optimal additive packs from which either platelet rich or platelet poor plasma have been removed contain 38% of the micro-aggregates in CPDA-1 blood. When platelets, plasma and the buffy coat are also removed, the residual micro-aggregates amount to only 16% of those in CPDA-1 whole blood.

The importance of cross-match/transfusion ratio and intervals between successive cross-matches in determining red cell outdate rates.

Measurements have been made of cross-match/transfusion ratios (C/T ratio) and intervals between successive cross-matches on the same units of blood performed in three different major hospitals each providing a wide range of clinical services. Outdate rates were 4%, 15% and 25% respectively and were associated with C/T ratios of 1.3, 2.