Analysis of Glyphosate Residues in Foods from the Canadian Retail Markets between 2015 and 2017.

Underlying the risk management of pesticides to protect human health and to facilitate trade among nations are sound scientific data on the levels of compliance with standards set by governments and internationally from monitoring of the levels of pesticides in foods. Although glyphosate is among the universally used pesticides in the world, monitoring has been hampered by the analytical difficulties in dealing with this highly polar compound. Starting in 2015, using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) that permits accurate and reproducible determination of glyphosate, the prevalence, concentrations, and compliance rates were determined.

Ochratoxin A Concentrations in a Variety of Grain-Based and Non-Grain-Based Foods on the Canadian Retail Market from 2009 to 2014.

The extent of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of domestically produced foods sold across Canada was determined from 2009 to 2014 with sampling and testing occurring each fiscal year. Cereal-based, fruit-based, and soy-based food samples (n = 6,857) were analyzed. Almost half of the samples (3,200; 47%) did not contain detectable concentrations of OTA.

Risk assessment and risk management at the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA): a perspective on the monitoring of foods for chemical residues.

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) uses 'Ranked Risk Assessment' (RRA) to prioritize chemical hazards for inclusion in monitoring programmes or method development projects based on their relative risk. The relative risk is calculated for a chemical by scoring toxicity and exposure in the 'risk model scoring system' of the Risk Priority Compound List (RPCL). The relative ranking and the risk management options are maintained and updated in the RPCL.

Use of capillary electrophoresis for the characterization of human serum albumin heterogeneity.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is used in large amounts as an excipient in many biopharmaceutical formulation to prevent loss of the active ingredient through adsorption and/or degradation. Traditionally, iso-electric focusing has been used to demonstrate charge heterogeneity in HSA preparations. In an effort to develop new methods for the analysis of formulation components, a capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed for the analysis of HSA.

Characterisation of human serum albumin heterogeneity by capillary zone electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Human serum albumin (HSA) preparations and HSA-containing recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) formulations were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis. HSA was separated into several components by the addition of 1,4-diaminobutane to 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0 as electrophoretic buffer.

Analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin in drug formulations by high-performance capillary electrophoresis.

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method was developed for the analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in final drug preparations. All products examined were formulated with large amounts of human serum albumin (HSA) which is used as a protein excipient. Due to their similar physical characteristics in solution, rhEPO and HSA could not be resolved under HPCE conditions previously developed for the separation of bulk rhEPO.

Evidence that the CryIA crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis is associated with DNA.

Toxin generated by activation of the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA(c) crystal protein (protoxin) with bovine trypsin was separated into two components by anion-exchange chromatography. One component (T2) was DNA-associated toxin, and the other was the DNA-free toxin (T1). Only one major protoxin component was observed, and it was found to be associated with DNA.

Characterization of the cysteine residues and disulphide linkages in the protein crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis produces a 130-140 kDa insecticidal protein in the form of a bipyramidal crystal. The protein in the crystals from the subspecies kurstaki HD-1 and entomocidus was found to contain 16-18 cysteine residues per molecule, present primarily in the disulphide form as cystine. Evidence that all the cysteine residues form symmetrical interchain disulphide linkages in the protein crystal was obtained from the following results: (i) the disulphide diagonal procedure [Brown & Hartley (1966) Biochem.

Isolation of carboxyl-terminal peptides from proteins by diagonal electrophoresis: application to the entomocidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.

A procedure for the selective isolation of the C-terminal peptides from enzymatic digests of proteins is described. The methodology is based on the diagonal electrophoretic procedure described by R. G.

Facile preparation and characterization of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki.

We report a simple three-step method of generating a homogeneous toxic fragment (toxin) in high yield from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki.