Relationship between Selected Micronutrient Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Status, Pain Severity, and the Image of H MR Spectroscopy in Degenerative Spine Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Osteoarthritis of the spine is a common disease and constitutes a significant problem in highly developed countries. Due to the aging of the population, the number of patients with advanced degenerative changes continues to grow. Trace elements and antioxidant status may play an active role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the spine.

Allometric and ontogenetic larval development of common barbel during rearing under optimal conditions.

The rearing of finfish larvae is a key element in their further culture. Improper breeding protocols may result in high mortality rates, body deformation and growth rate decreases in both the larval and fattening periods. These errors can be avoided by thorough exploration of various aspects of early larvae biology, at least in model fish species.

Use of ultrasonography to determine sex in sexually immature European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (L.).

In this study, there was the first attempt to sex immature European river lampreys Lampetra fluviatilis, classified as Agnatha using ultrasonography. This species starts a spawning migration from seas to rivers in the autumn and reproduction is initiated in the late spring. It is recommended to collect breeders soon after the beginning of the spawning migration, however, to date no method has been developed for distinguishing the sex of individuals during this developmental period.