Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers and Demographic Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients among the Ethnic Communities Attending Central Referral Hospital, East Sikkim.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder and inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ethnic variations have been linked with an increased prevalence of diabetes. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the inflammatory markers and demographic characteristics in T2DM patients among the ethnic group of Sikkim.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Physiotherapists about Cardiac Rehabilitation Program Adherence among Patients Discharged from the Hospital after Cardiac Surgery in India.

Background: In most settings, patients receive phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation in CTVS ICU at the hospital, but there are several barriers to follow-up after patients are discharged from the hospital. Physiotherapists play an important role in the enrolment and continuation of cardiac rehabilitation. Thus, we aim to study the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physiotherapists about CR program adherence among patients discharged from the hospital after cardiac surgery.

Acinetobacter baumannii in suspected bacterial infections: Association between multidrug resistance, virulence genes, & biofilm production.

Background Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a nosocomial pathogen with a tendency of high antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of A. baumannii from different clinical specimens of suspected bacterial infections and furthermore to see the association of biofilm production with multidrug resistance and expression of virulence factor genes in A.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Linn. and its antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant .

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using the green route is an effective strategy in nanotechnology that provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods. This study aims to prepare an aqueous extract of (-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the green route and test their antibacterial activity. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterised by colour change, UV spectrometric analysis, FTIR, and particle shape and size morphology by SEM and TEM images.

Assessment of determining factors for severity of NeoCOVIDiabetes in India: A pan India multicentric retrospective study.

Background And Aims: There is a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of patients newly detected to have diabetes (NDD) who recovered from COVID-19 in India whilst comparing NDD with patients without diabetes (ND) and those who have known to have diabetes (KD) in terms of glycemic status pre- and post-COVID with disease severity.

Materials & Methodology: There were 2212 participants enrolled from 15 sites, with 1630 active participants after the respective execution of selection criteria.

Impact of tuberculosis disease on human gut microbiota: a systematic review.

Introduction: This systematic review evaluates the gut microbiota (GM) status in tuberculosis (TB) patients compared to healthy volunteers due to the disease or its treatment.

Areas Covered: We conducted a systematic review of all articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase that assessed the impact of TB disease and anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) on GM from inception till January 2022 (Protocol registration number in PROSPERO: CRD42021261884). Regarding the microbial diversity indices and taxonomy, we found a significant difference in GM status between the TB and healthy control (HC) groups.

Perception of health care students towards lectures as a teaching and learning method in the COVID era - A multicentric cross-sectional study from India.

The sudden precipitation of the pandemic forced undergraduates to take refuge at home, deserting the campus. Consequently, the age-old classroom in person teaching-learning (T-L) method shifted and lessons had to be conducted online. In previous decades, archetypical classroom lectures survived a lot of criticism in the face of the quasi-passive nature of T-L  methodology.

Virulence Characteristics and Emerging Therapies for Biofilm-Forming : A Review.

species is one of the most prevailing nosocomial pathogens with a potent ability to develop antimicrobial resistance. It commonly causes infections where there is a prolonged utilization of medical devices such as CSF shunts, catheters, endotracheal tubes, and similar. There are several strains of (A) species (spp), among which the majority are pathogenic to humans, but are entirely resistant to several clinically available antibiotics.

Phenotypic Detection of ESBL, AmpC, MBL, and Their Co-occurrence among MDR Isolates.

 Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, and metallo-β lactamases (MBL), and their co-existence among members of pose newer diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The present study examines the ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production by various phenotypic methods and their co-occurrence among the multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates.  Four hundred non-repetitive clinical isolates were collected from the Central Referral Hospital, Sikkim.

Epidemiological study of snakebite cases in Sikkim: Risk modeling with regard to the habitat suitability of common venomous snakes.

Background: Snakebite envenoming is listed as category 'A' Neglected Tropical Disease. To achieve the target of WHO (World Health Organization) 2019, it becomes necessary to understand various attributes associated with snakebite including community awareness, improvisation of medical facilities and to map the potential distribution of venomous snakes responsible for the bite. Hence this study is conducted in Sikkim, India to understand the epidemiology of snakebite in Sikkim.

Effect of Yoga on Blood Pressure in Prehypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Prehypertension is a precursor for developing hypertension and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Yoga therapy may have a role in lowering the blood pressures in prehypertension and hypertension. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available literature for the same.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) have been recognized as reemerging epidemics, especially in developing countries. Among all the risk factors, diabetes causes immunosuppression, increasing the risk of active TB three times. Vitamin D has been found as a link between DM-TB co-morbidity.

Dietary Antioxidants Significantly Reduced Phorbol Myristate Acetate Induced Oxidative Stress of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease responsible for maximum human morbidity in modern life, whereas oxidative stress is the ultimate potential biomarker for determining disease activity in patients with RA.

Objective: The present study scientifically validated the effectiveness of antioxidants commonly present in different food supplements to neutralize the free radicals mediated oxidative stress in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML) of patients with RA.

Methods: The study population included patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, RA (n =15), who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA.

Effect of Yoga and Exercise on Glycemic Control and Psychosocial Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Context Background: Type 2 diabetes has been strongly associated with psychosocial factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL). There is not much evidence whether yoga can improve these factors and motivate individuals to engage in active lifestyle.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effect of yoga and exercise over glycemic control, anxiety, depression, exercise self-efficacy (ESE), and QOL after 3-month program.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Video-assisted Teaching Program and Traditional Demonstration on Nursing Students Learning Skills of Performing Obstetrical Palpation.

Background: Teaching methods have failed to keep up with the pace of the changing curriculum. Clinical practice, an essential part of nursing education, links theory with practice, particularly in midwifery nursing. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of video-assisted teaching programs and traditional demonstration on nursing students learning obstetrical palpation skills.

Oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome & its association with DNA-strand break.

Background & Objectives: Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with numerous components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was aimed to investigate if hydrogen peroxide (HO) as the reactive oxygen species was capable of depicting OS in MetS, and If MetS patients showed DNA damage in the form of DNA strand breaks (DSB).

Methods: A total of 160 participants (90 males, 70 females) ≥20 yr of age were categorized into four groups based on the number of MetS risk parameters (n=40 in each group).

"Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Determinants in Sikkim": A Glimpse from a Hospital Study.

Sikkim has been reported to have the highest percentage of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in the country. The study aimed to focus its precursor termed 'Metabolic Syndrome' (MetS) with special attention to its risk determinants as a measure to promote awareness in preventing the rise in number of these non communicable diseases in the state with only 6,10,577 inhabitants. Of 361 participants, 33.

Oxidative stress in inflammatory cells of patient with rheumatoid arthritis: clinical efficacy of dietary antioxidants.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease responsible for significant human morbidity in modern life. However, oxidative stress is one of the key markers for determining pathophysiology of patients with RA. The interaction between cellular immune system and body's endogenous and/or exogenous antigens produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in autoimmune disease like RA.

Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune mechanisms of action of yoga in type II diabetes.

Yoga has been found to benefit all the components of health viz. physical, mental, social and spiritual well being by incorporating a wide variety of practices. Pathophysiology of Type II DM and co-morbidities in Type II DM has been correlated with stress mechanisms.

Fast foods and physical inactivity are risk factors for obesity and hypertension among adolescent school children in east district of Sikkim, India.

Background: Obesity and hypertension among school children have a huge impact on public health. Hence, we estimated the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) among adolescent schoolchildren (11-19 years) in urban areas of Gangtok, Sikkim, India.

Materials And Methods: A population based cross-sectional study was conducted on 979 school children, during November 1, 2009 - April 30, 2010 in Gangtok, East Sikkim India.

Cat's whiskers flavonoid attenuated oxidative DNA damage and acute inflammation: its importance in lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Cleome gynandra L. (Capparidaceae) is one of the vegetables commonly known as 'Hurhur' and 'Karaila' in India, 'Pe Hua Tsai' in China and "Cat's whiskers" in English. Present study was aimed to characterize previously isolated Cat's whiskers flavonoid as 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 4' -trimethoxyflavone (5HTMF) and to evaluate its effect on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats and hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage in mouse macrophages.

Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial vascular inflammatory process; however, the inciting cause for inflammation remains unclear. Two decades ago, Chlamydophila pneumoniae (formerly Chlamydia pneumoniae) infection was proposed as a putative etiologic agent. We performed a PubMed search using the keywords Chlamydia and atherosclerosis in a Boolean query to identify published studies on C.