The prevalence of sedentary behaviours and physical activity in Hungarian youth.

Background: The study of sedentary behaviour is becoming much more visible, alongside research on physical activity. Few published studies, however, originate from Eastern or Central Europe.

Method: Prevalence and point estimate data of key leisure time sedentary and active behaviours are reported from Hungary, a country that has been through an important political transition in the past two decades.

Family influences on children's physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption.

Background: There is evidence of a clustering of healthy dietary patterns and physical activity among young people and also of unhealthy behaviours. The identification of influences on children's health behaviors, particularly clustered health behaviors, at the time at which they develop is imperative for the design of interventions. This study examines associations between parental modelling and support and children's physical activity (PA) and consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV), and combinations of these behaviours.

Family circumstance, sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adolescents living in England: Project STIL.

Background: Identification of non-modifiable correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in youth contributes to the development of effective targeted intervention strategies. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between family circumstances (e.g.

Family circumstance and adolescent dietary behaviours.

The available information on the contribution of family circumstance to adolescent dietary behaviours is inconsistent. Indicators of family circumstance may impact adolescent behaviours by influencing their daily home environment. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between indicators of family circumstance and (i) breakfast skipping and (ii) consumption of snack food, fast food, fruits and vegetables among adolescents.

A multi-site comparison of environmental characteristics to support workplace walking.

Objective: This study assessed the environmental characteristics of ten universities, comparing the extent to which physical infra-structures are able to support a route-based walking intervention.

Method: Following protocol standardization between and within sites, major pedestrian routes at main suburban campuses in seven countries (Australia, Canada, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Spain and the United States) were audited by researchers using an established inventory (March-June 2008). The inventory assessed key characteristics (e.

Temporal and environmental patterns of sedentary and active behaviors during adolescents' leisure time.

Background: There is great interest in young people's overweight and obesity. Few data, however, describe when sedentary and physically active behaviors are likely to occur during the day or how these behaviors are related to location.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe sedentary and active leisure-time behaviors of adolescents across the day and setting.

Metabolism of methyltestosterone in the greyhound.

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selective derivatisation techniques have been used to identify urinary metabolites of methyltestosterone following oral administration to the greyhound. Several metabolites were identified including reduced, mono-, di- and trihydroxylated steroids. The major metabolites observed were 17alpha-methyl-5beta-androstane-3alpha-17beta-diol, 17alpha-methyl-5beta-androstane-3alpha,16alpha,17beta-triol, and a further compound tentatively identified as 17alpha-methyl-5z-androstane-6z,17beta-triol.

Critical hours: physical activity and sedentary behavior of adolescents after school.

The present study examined physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns of adolescents between 15.30h and 18.30h.

The prevalence of sedentary behavior and physical activity in leisure time: A study of Scottish adolescents using ecological momentary assessment.

Objective: To report time and prevalence of leisure time sedentary and active behaviors in adolescents.

Method: Cross-sectional, stratified, random sample from schools in 14 districts in Scotland, 2002-03, using ecological momentary assessment (n=385 boys, 606 girls; mean age 14.1 years; range 12.

The first therapeutic game specifically designed and evaluated for Alzheimer's disease.

The first therapeutic game specifically developed for Alzheimer's disease was evaluated on an NIH grant. It was hypothesized that the game would have a positive influence on factors influencing quality of life (eg, mood, pleasure, interest in activities) and family comfort level in visiting. The study used a single group, within-participants, design, and 2 control conditions including a family visit as usual.

Family correlates of breakfast consumption among children and adolescents. A systematic review.

Regular breakfast consumption can have a multitude of positive health benefits, yet young people are more likely to skip breakfast than any other meal. Given the evidence that dietary behaviours established in childhood and adolescence track into adulthood along with evidence that breakfast skipping increases with age, identifying correlates of children's and adolescent's breakfast behaviours is imperative. The family environment is an important influence on the dietary behaviours of young people, and therefore we systematically reviewed the literature on family correlates of children and adolescent's breakfast consumption.

A review of mediators of behavior in interventions to promote physical activity among children and adolescents.

Background: The effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in youths is still developing. To develop a better understanding "what works", researchers are now focusing on constructing an evidence base for mediators of behavior change.

Methods: We reviewed studies that examined the direct effect of physical activity interventions on hypothesized mediators and the relationship between mediators and physical activity in young people (aged 5 to 18 years).

Family correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Objectives: To review associations between the family environment and young people's fruit and vegetable consumption.

Design: A systematic review. Published English-language (n 60) papers were identified using electronic databases and manual searches of personal files and reference lists.

The prevalence of leisure time sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adolescent girls: an ecological momentary assessment approach.

Study Objective: To use ecological momentary assessment to describe how adolescent girls in the United Kingdom spend their leisure time.

Design: Cross-sectional, stratified, random sample from secondary schools in 15 regions within the United Kingdom. The data are from a larger study of adolescent lifestyles (Project STIL).

Patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity among adolescents in the United Kingdom: Project STIL.

The purpose of this study was to use ecological momentary assessment to investigate the patterning of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in UK adolescents and to examine if different lifestyle groups differ on key explanatory variables. A total of 1,371 (38% boys, mean age 14.7 years) adolescents completed diaries every 15 min for 3 weekdays outside of school hours and 1 weekend day.

Influences of volitional and forced intentions on physical activity and effort within the theory of planned behaviour.

In the present study, we examined the utility of volitional and forced intentions in predicting participation in physical activities and effort within the theory of planned behaviour. Four hundred and forty-four participants (184 males, 260 females) aged 19.1 +/- 3.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis to determine natural and post-administration levels of oestrogens in bovine serum and urine.

A novel analytical approach has been developed and shown to be capable of detecting the isomers of oestradiol in the low ppt (pg mL(-1)) range in bovine serum and urine. Following extractive derivatisation the analytes were detected as their 3-pentafluorobenzoyl 17-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), using electron capture negative ion chemical ionisation. The isomers of oestradiol were quantified in both blank and post-administration urine and serum samples, with a view to setting action/threshold levels for these compounds, to allow discrimination between normal samples and samples from animals treated with growth promoting ear implants.

Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise: impact on affect and perceived exertion.

This study was designed to determine the effects of ingesting a carbohydrate (CHO) solution on affective states and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during prolonged intermittent high-intensity exercise. Seventeen male soccer players completed a prolonged intermittent high-intensity exercise protocol for 90 min on two occasions, separated by at least 7 days. Participants consumed either a 6.

The influence of water ingestion during prolonged exercise on affect.

This study examined the influence of water ingestion on affect and perceived exertion during sub-maximal running. Fifteen endurance-trained men performed two counterbalanced 90-min treadmill runs at 70% V O2 max. No fluid was ingested during one trial (NF-trial), whereas a single water bolus (5.

Effect of carbohydrate and prolonged exercise on affect and perceived exertion.

Introduction: It has been reported that perceptions of exertion are attenuated during prolonged cycle exercise, following CHO ingestion. However, no studies to date have examined the influence of such feedings on psychological affect during prolonged exercise, even though affect and perceived exertion are different constructs.

Purpose: To examine the influence of regular CHO beverage ingestion on affect (pleasure-displeasure) and perceived exertion during prolonged cycle exercise.

A descriptive epidemiology of screen-based media use in youth: a review and critique.

The purpose of this systematic review was to (i) estimate the prevalence and dose of television (TV) viewing, video game playing and computer use, and (ii) assess age-related and (iii) secular trends in TV viewing among youth (< or = 18 yr). Ninety studies published in English language journals between 1949 and 2004 were included, presenting data from 539 independent samples (the unit of analysis). Results suggest contemporary youth watch on average 1.

Short-term changes in sedentary behaviour during adolescence: Project STIL (Sedentary Teenagers and Inactive Lifestyles).

Hypothesis: Changes in body composition and body image during puberty will impact on sedentary behavioural choices.

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in pubertal status, body composition and body image on changes in time spent being sedentary.

Participants And Methods: Eighty-three school students aged 10-15 years were studied at 6-month intervals.

The stability of the attitude-intention relationship in the context of physical activity.

Attitude has been shown to be an important antecedent of physical activity intentions and behaviour. It is unclear whether the attitude-intention relationship is stable over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the stability of the attitude-intention relationship over a 6 week period.