Critical design decisions and user demographics in enhancing real-time digital mental health interventions: A systematic review.

Background: Real-time digital mental health interventions, primarily enabled by smartphone technology offer continuous, personalised support, that adapts in response to the changing needs of individuals. Despite being prominently explored in populations with psychiatric disorders, there remains a notable gap in the systematic analysis of demographic characteristics, as well as the foundational design decisions or rules that underpin the personalisation of these interventions.

Objectives: (a) Identifying the prevalent design decisions to enable personalisation within real-time digital mental health interventions, (b) the influence of these design decisions on the clinical outcomes of the interventions, and (c) the demographic characteristics of populations with psychiatric disorders targeted by real-time digital health interventions.

Improving Cardiovascular Disease Prediction With Machine Learning Using Mental Health Data: A Prospective UK Biobank Study.

Background: Robust and accurate prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk facilitates early intervention to benefit patients. The intricate relationship between mental health disorders and CVD is widely recognized. However, existing models often overlook psychological factors, relying on a limited set of clinical and lifestyle parameters, or being developed on restricted population subsets.

Remote sensing mental health: A systematic review of factors essential to clinical translation from validation research.

Background: Mental illness remains a major global health challenge largely due to the absence of definitive biomarkers applicable to diagnostics and care processes. Although remote sensing technologies, embedded in devices such as smartphones and wearables, offer a promising avenue for improved mental health assessments, their clinical integration has been slow.

Objective: This scoping review, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, explores validation studies of remote sensing in clinical mental health populations, aiming to identify critical factors for clinical translation.

Enabling Health Information Recommendation Using Crowdsourced Refinement in Web-Based Health Information Applications: User-Centered Design Approach and EndoZone Informatics Case Study.

Background: In the digital age, search engines and social media platforms are primary sources for health information, yet their commercial interests-focused algorithms often prioritize irrelevant content. Web-based health applications by reputable sources offer a solution to circumvent these biased algorithms. Despite this advantage, there remains a significant gap in research on the effective integration of content-ranking algorithms within these specialized health applications to ensure the delivery of personalized and relevant health information.

Evolving Adult ADHD Care: Preparatory Evaluation of a Prototype Digital Service Model Innovation for ADHD Care.

Background: Given the prevalence of ADHD and the gaps in ADHD care in Australia, this study investigates the critical barriers and driving forces for innovation. It does so by conducting a preparatory evaluation of an ADHD prototype digital service innovation designed to help streamline ADHD care and empower individual self-management.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with ADHD care consumers/participants and practitioners explored their experiences and provided feedback on a mobile self-monitoring app and related service innovations.

High-Quality eHealth Websites for Information on Endometriosis: Systematic Search.

Background: eHealth websites are increasingly being used by community members to obtain information about endometriosis. Additionally, clinicians can use these websites to enhance their understanding of the condition and refer patients to these websites. However, poor-quality information can adversely impact users.

Integrating smart phone applications in the management of cirrhotic patients: A scoping review.

Background And Aim: Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a significant cause of healthcare utilization and patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smartphone applications have high uptake in most communities and therefore have great potential to provide remote support solutions to this patient population. The aim of this scoping review was therefore to provide a comprehensive overview using narrative synthesis on the use of smartphone-application-based digital interventions in cirrhotic populations.

A micro-randomized pilot study to examine the impact of just-in-time nudging on after-dinner snacking in adults with type 2 diabetes: A study protocol.

Aim: To determine whether a digital nudge soon after dinner reduces after-dinner snacking events as measured objectively by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This is a single-site micro-randomized trial (MRT). People with T2D, aged 18-75 years, managed with diet or a stable dose of oral antidiabetic medications for at least 3 months, and who habitual snack after dinner at least 3 nights per week, will be recruited.

Hearing Health Care Stakeholders' Perspectives on Teleaudiology Implementation: Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pathways Forward.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how teleaudiology is perceived by Australian-based hearing health care stakeholders (clients, clinicians, students, academics, and industry partners) to inform future teleaudiology implementation.

Method: Five cross-sectional online surveys were adopted, and a total of 366 stakeholders responded (173 clients, 110 clinicians, 58 students, 19 academics, and six industry partners).

Results: Results show that 55% of clients and over 90% of clinicians, students, academics, and industry partners knew what teleaudiology was.

Heart Rate Variability for Evaluating Psychological Stress Changes in Healthy Adults: A Scoping Review.

The utility of heart rate variability (HRV) for characterizing psychological stress is primarily impacted by methodological considerations such as study populations, experienced versus induced stress, and method of stress assessment. Here, we review studies on the associations between HRV and psychological stress, examining the nature of stress, ways stress was assessed, and HRV metrics used. The review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines on select databases.

Examining clinician choice to follow-up (or not) on automated notifications of medication non-adherence by clinical decision support systems.

Background: Maintaining medication adherence can be challenging for people living with mental ill-health. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) based on automated detection of problematic patterns in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have the potential to enable early intervention into non-adherence events ("flags") through suggesting evidence-based courses of action. However, extant literature shows multiple barriers-perceived lack of benefit in following up low-risk cases, veracity of data, human-centric design concerns, etc.

Understanding what we know so far about young people's engagement with wellbeing apps. A scoping review and narrative synthesis.

Background: Increased levels of wellbeing contribute to people being more productive, resilient, physically healthy and showing lower levels of mental illness. Using mobile apps to increase wellbeing in young people is becoming the method of choice. This study sought to critically appraise the current evidence base with regards to young people's (16-24 years of age) engagement with wellbeing .

COVID-19 and tinnitus: an initiative to improve tinnitus care.

Objective: To investigate the effects of COVID-19 on individuals with tinnitus and their views to guide future tinnitus care.

Design: A mixed-methods cross-sectional research design.

Study Sample: An online survey was completed by 365 individuals with tinnitus from Australia and other countries.

Automated Decision Support For Community Mental Health Services Using National Electronic Health Records: Qualitative Implementation Case Study.

Background: A high proportion of patients with severe mental illness relapse due to nonadherence to psychotropic medication. In this paper, we use the normalization process theory (NPT) to describe the implementation of a web-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for Community Mental Health Services (CMHS) called Actionable Intime Insights or AI. AI has two distinct functions: (1) it provides an overview of medication and treatment history to assist in reviewing patient adherence and (2) gives alerts indicating nonadherence to support early intervention.

Cost and Effort Considerations for the Development of Intervention Studies Using Mobile Health Platforms: Pragmatic Case Study.

Background: The research marketplace has seen a flood of open-source or commercial mobile health (mHealth) platforms that can collect and use user data in real time. However, there is a lack of practical literature on how these platforms are developed, integrated into study designs, and adopted, including important information around cost and effort considerations.

Objective: We intend to build critical literacy in the clinician-researcher readership into the cost, effort, and processes involved in developing and operationalizing an mHealth platform, focusing on Intui, an mHealth platform that we developed.

Provider perspectives on telemental health implementation: Lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic and paths forward.

After years of slow and fragmented implementation of telemental health (TMH), the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated widespread adoption. With the initial state of public health emergency behind us, we are at a decision point on whether to continue with TMH or return to a largely in-person care model. In this qualitative study, we investigated clinicians' perspectives on advantages and disadvantages of TMH in outpatient mental healthcare as well as considerations for future implementation.

Do young men and women differ in well-being apps usage? Findings from a randomised trial.

: The potential of mobile applications (apps) as a resource to support well-being in young people is hampered by low usage. Suggested reasons for this vary from technical issues to users' psychological and personal characteristics like gender, mood and perceptions on well-being. : To identify and understand predictive variables related to the use of well-being apps by young people in the context of the 'Online Wellbeing Centre' (OWC) Randomised Controlled Trial (a study assessing changes in well-being of young people who use well-being apps).

Rapid national increases in the hospitalisation of Australian youth due to intentional self-harm between 2008 and 2019.

Objective: Australian youth mental health services have received significant funding over the past 15 years. We analysed data on hospitalisation due to intentional self-harm to determine whether increased youth services were associated with reduction in a key indicator of youth population mental health.

Method: Trends in national self-harm hospitalisation data from 2008 to 2019 for youth (<25 years) and adults (>25 years) were analysed using joinpoint regression.

Demonstration of automated non-adherence and service disengagement risk monitoring with active follow-up for severe mental illness.

Aims: Medication cessation and service disengagement often precedes relapse in people with severe mental illnesses but currently specialist mental health services only become involved after a relapse. Early detection of non-adherence is needed to enable intervention to avert relapse. This paper aims to demonstrate how digitally automated non-adherence risk monitoring from Medicare data with active follow-up can work and perform in practice in a real-world mental health service setting.

Differences in Temporal Relapse Characteristics Between Affective and Non-affective Psychotic Disorders: Longitudinal Analysis.

Multiple relapses over time are common in both affective and non-affective psychotic disorders. Characterizing the temporal nature of these relapses may be crucial to understanding the underlying neurobiology of relapse. Anonymized records of patients with affective and non-affective psychotic disorders were collected from SA Mental Health Data Universe and retrospectively analyzed.

Designing m-Health interventions for precision mental health support.

Mobile health (m-Health) resources are emerging as a significant tool to overcome mental health support access barriers due to their ability to rapidly reach and provide support to individuals in need of mental health support. m-Health provides an approach to adapt and initiate mental health support at precise moments, when they are most likely to be effective for the individual. However, poor adoption of mental health apps in the real world suggests that new approaches to optimising the quality of m-Health interventions are critically needed in order to realise the potential translational benefits for mental health support.

A Digital Infrastructure for Storing & Sharing Internet of Things, Wearables and App-Based Research Study Data.

In health and behavioural sciences, there has been a shift towards use of mobile, wearable and IoT based frequent granular data collection strategies to capture temporal patterns and environmental changes. There are a wide range of free and easy-to-use services that allow researchers to design and deploy intermittent assessments and surveys. However, there is a lack of tools suitable for frequent or real-time data collection.