Correction: Castelan-Ramírez et al. Schwann Cell Autophagy and Necrosis as Mechanisms of Cell Death by . 2020, , 458.

In the original publication [...

Toxicological Evaluation of Kaempferol and Linearolactone as Treatments for Amoebic Liver Abscess Development in .

Several studies with kaempferol (KP) and linearolactone (LL) have demonstrated their antiparasitic activity. However, the toxicity of these treatments is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible toxicological effects of intraperitoneal (i.

Taurine, a Component of the Tear Film, Exacerbates the Pathogenic Mechanisms of in the Ex Vivo Amoebic Keratitis Model.

spp. is the etiological agent of amoebic keratitis. In this study, the effect of taurine in physiological concentrations in tears (195 μM) on trophozoites of through the ex vivo amoebic keratitis model was evaluated.

Alpha-terthienyl increases filamentous actin of Entamoeba histolytica.

This study aimed to know if alpha terthienyl (α-T) affects E. histolytica viability and to analyze its effect on the actin cytoskeleton. Trophozoites of E.

Linearolactone Induces Necrotic-like Death in Trophozoites: Prediction of a Likely Target.

Linearolactone (LL) is a -clerodane type diterpene that has been shown to exert giardicidal effects; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. This work analyzes the cytotoxic effect of LL on trophozoites and identifies proteins that could be targeted by this active natural product. Increasing concentrations of LL and albendazole (ABZ) were used as test and reference drugs, respectively.

Septin 2 interacts with dengue virus replication complex proteins and participates in virus replication in mosquito cells.

Septins are a family of GTP-binding proteins identified in insects and mammals. Septins are components of the cytoskeleton and participate in cytokinesis, chromosomal segregation, intracellular vesicular traffic, and response to pathogens. Human septin 6 was identified as necessary for hepatitis C virus replication.

EhVps23, an ESCRT-I Member, Is a Key Factor in Secretion, Motility, Phagocytosis and Tissue Invasion by .

The EhVps23 protein, an orthologue of the yeast Vps23 and the mammalian TSG101 proteins, is the single member of the ESCRT-I complex of identified and characterized until now. EhVps23 actively participates in vesicular trafficking and phagocytosis, which influence several cellular events. In this paper, we investigated the role of EhVps23 in virulence-related functions, including the invasive capacity of trophozoites, using transfected trophozoites.

The Feline Calicivirus Leader of the Capsid Protein Has the Functional Characteristics of a Viroporin.

The leader of the capsid (LC) protein is exclusive to the genus, and it is needed for successful feline calicivirus (FCV) replication, as well as an efficient apoptosis induction through the mitochondrial pathway. In this work, we aimed to determine if the LC protein from the FCV is a viroporin. Although lacking in a transmembrane domain or an amphipathic helix, the LC protein from the FCV is toxic when expressed in bacteria and it oligomerizes through disulfide bonds, which are both key characteristics of viroporins.

Acanthamoeba castellanii: Effect of neuroactive substances on trophozoite migration.

Acanthamoeba castellanii is the etiological agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis, amebic keratitis, and skin lesions. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that Acanthamoeba trophozoites induce contact-dependent, and contact-independent pathogenic mechanisms. We have explored the potential role neuroactive substances may have in the migration of Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites using Transwell permeable supports in the presence of physiological concentrations of dopamine, glutamate, serotonin, or taurine diluted in PBS.

EhVps23: A Component of ESCRT-I That Participates in Vesicular Trafficking and Phagocytosis of .

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is formed by ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III complexes, and accessory proteins. It conducts vesicular trafficking in eukaryotes through the formation of vesicles and membrane fission and fusion events. The trophozoites of , the protozoan responsible for human amoebiasis, presents an active membrane movement in basal state that increases during phagocytosis and tissue invasion.

Protein Phosphatase PP2C Identification in spp.

is the causative agent of amoebiasis, and is its noninvasive morphological twin. is a reptilian parasite. In the present study, Western blot, phosphatase activity, immunofluorescence, and bioinformatic analyses were used to identify PP2C phosphatases of , , and PP2C was identified in trophozoites of all species and cysts of .

ZO-2 favors Hippo signaling, and its re-expression in the steatotic liver by AMPK restores junctional sealing.

ZO-2 is a peripheral ight unction (TJ) protein whose silencing in renal epithelia induces cell hypertrophy. Here, we found that in ZO-2 KD MDCK cells, in compensatory renal hypertrophy triggered in rats by a unilateral nephrectomy and in liver steatosis of bese ucker (OZ) rats, ZO-2 silencing is accompanied by the diminished activity of LATS, a kinase of the Hippo pathway, and the nuclear concentration of YAP, the final effector of this signaling route. ZO-2 appears to function as a scaffold for the Hippo pathway as it associates to LATS1.

2 and Cell-Cell Contacts Are Required for Normal Nuclear Shape in Epithelia.

MAGUK protein ZO-2 is present at tight junctions (TJs) and nuclei. In MDCK ZO-2 knockdown (KD) cells, nuclei exhibit an irregular shape with lobules and indentations. This condition correlates with an increase in DNA double strand breaks, however cells are not senescent and instead become resistant to UV-induced senescence.

Development of the indirect flight muscles of Aedes aegypti, a main arbovirus vector.

Background: Flying is an essential function for mosquitoes, required for mating and, in the case of females, to get a blood meal and consequently function as a vector. Flight depends on the action of the indirect flight muscles (IFMs), which power the wings beat. No description of the development of IFMs in mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti, is available.

Golgi apparatus components in Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar after monensin treatment.

Highly dynamic ribosomes, glycogen granules, thinly fibrillar material, and multiple membrane-bound vesicles are embedded in the matrix-rich cytoplasm of Entamoeba spp. trophozoites. The absence of a Golgi apparatus in these amoebae has been commonly accepted.

Linearolactone and Kaempferol Disrupt the Actin Cytoskeleton in : Inhibition of Amoebic Liver Abscess Development.

Linearolactone () and kaempferol () have amebicidal activity in studies. The type of cell death induced by and and their effects on the virulence of were analyzed by transmission and confocal electron microscopy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis, detected by flow cytometry with dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-diacetate and annexin-V binding, respectively, and confirmed by TUNEL. The interaction of and with actin was analyzed by docking, and the amoebicidal activity was established with the model; amebic liver abscess (ALA) development was evaluated by magnetic resonance (MR) and validated .

Ultrastructural and proapoptotic-like effects of kaempferol in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites and bioinformatics prediction of its potential protein target.

Background: Kaempferol (KPF) is a flavonoid with antiparasitic activity including experimental giardiasis which mechanism of action is unknown.

Objective: To analyse the cytotoxic effects of KPF on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites and to identify a likely parasite target of this compound.

Methods: We used inhibitory concentrations of KPF (IC25, IC50 and IC100) and albendazole (ABZ) as reference drug.

E7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus 16 alters claudins expression and the sealing of epithelial tight junctions.

Tight junctions (TJs) are cell‑cell adhesion structures frequently altered by oncogenic transformation. In the present study the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 oncoprotein on the sealing of TJs was investigated and also the expression level of claudins in mouse cervix and in epithelial Madin‑Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. It was found that there was reduced expression of claudins ‑1 and ‑10 in the cervix of 7‑month‑old transgenic K14E7 mice treated with 17β‑estradiol (E2), with invasive cancer.

A noncanonical GATA transcription factor of Entamoeba histolytica modulates genes involved in phagocytosis.

In this paper, we explored the presence of GATA in Entamoeba histolytica and their function as regulators of phagocytosis-related genes. Bioinformatics analyses evidenced a single 579 bp sequence encoding for a protein (EhGATA), smaller than GATA factors of other organisms. EhGATA appeared phylogenetically close to Dictyostelium discoideum and Schistosoma mansoni GATA proteins.

A novel protective role for microRNA-3135b in Golgi apparatus fragmentation induced by chemotherapy via GOLPH3/AKT1/mTOR axis in colorectal cancer cells.

Chemotherapy activates a novel cytoplasmic DNA damage response resulting in Golgi apparatus fragmentation and cancer cell survival. This mechanism is regulated by Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3)/Myo18A/F-actin axis. Analyzing the functions of miR-3135b, a small non-coding RNA with unknown functions, we found that its forced overexpression attenuates the Golgi apparatus fragmentation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.

Schwann Cell Autophagy and Necrosis as Mechanisms of Cell Death by .

Amoebae of the genus are etiological agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Recently, through an in vivo GAE model, trophozoites were immunolocalized in contact with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) cells-Schwann cells (SC). In this study, we analyzed in greater detail the in vitro early morphological events (1, 2, 3, and 4 h) during the interaction of trophozoites (ATCC 30171) with SC from (ATCC CRL-2941).

Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: Morphological and Behavioral Differences Induced by Fibronectin through GTPases Activation and Actin-Binding Proteins.

Early steps of tissue invasion by Entamoeba histolytica are mediated by adhesion and migration through matrix components such as fibronectin with the participation of the actin cytoskeleton. Striking differences in their produced structures, movement, and migration were found. These observations suggest differential changes in their ability to organize the actin cytoskeleton and, therefore, to modify its morphology after adhesion to fibronectin.

Effect of Gallic acid and Myricetin on ovarian cancer models: a possible alternative antitumoral treatment.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality among malignant gynecological tumors. Surgical resection and chemotherapy with intravenous platinum/taxanes drugs are the treatments of choice, with little effectiveness in later stages and severe toxicological effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of gallic acid (GA) and myricetin (Myr) administrated peritumorally in Nu/Nu mice xenotransplanted with SKOV-3 cells.

Dengue Virus Serotype 2 and Its Non-Structural Proteins 2A and 2B Activate NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly transmitted mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. One of the fundamental innate immune responses to viral infections includes the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-1β and IL-18) through the activation of inflammasome. Dengue virus stimulates the Nod-like receptor (NLRP3-specific inflammasome), however, the specific mechanism(s) by which dengue virus activates the NLRP3 inflammasome is unknown.

The effect of iron on TvCP2: a cysteine proteinase found in vaginal secretions of trichomoniasis patients.

Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) induces host cell damage through cysteine proteinases (CPs) modulated by iron. An immunoproteomic analysis showed that trichomoniasis patient sera recognize various CPs, also some of them are present in vaginal washes (VWs). Thus, the goal of this work was to determine whether TvCP2 is expressed during infection and to assess the effect of iron on TvCP2 expression, localization and contribution to in vitro cellular damage.