Spectrum of ctxB genotypes, antibiogram profiles and virulence genes of Vibrio cholerae serogroups isolated from environmental water sources from Odisha, India.

Background: The present study reports on the comprehensive analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 serogroups isolated from environmental water sources during cholera outbreaks, epidemics and surveillance studies between years 2007 to 2019 from different districts of Odisha, India.

Methods: A total of 85 stocked cultures of V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 strains were analyzed for different ctxB genotypes, toxic genes, antibiogram profiles through PCR assays and pulsotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Sequential outbreaks due to mixed ctxB alleles of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India.

Introduction: Cholera is a significant threat causing outbreaks/epidemics with high morbidity and mortality in coastal and tribal districts of Odisha. A sequential cholera outbreak reported from four places in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha during June to July 2009 was investigated.

Methodology: Rectal swabs from diarrhea patients were analyzed for the identification, antibiogram profiles and detection of ctxB genotypes by double mismatch amplification mutation (DMAMA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequenced.

Variants of ctxB alleles of Vibrio cholerae O1 caused sequential cholera outbreaks in the tribal areas of Odisha, India.

Cholera localized outbreaks/epidemics accounting for high morbidity and mortality have been reported in different years both from the coastal and tribal districts of Odisha. In the present study, the emergence and spread of two sequential cholera outbreaks reported in July to October 2012 from Rayagada and Kalahandi districts of Odisha was investigated. Environmental water samples from different sources and rectal swabs from diarrhoea patients were analysed for identification, antibiogram profiles and molecular studies using DMAMA-PCR assays.

Origin and Dissemination of Altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Causing Cholera in Odisha, India: Two and Half Decade's View.

The origin, spread and molecular epidemiology of altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks/surveillance studies between 1995 and 2019 from different district of Odisha were analyzed. The stock cultures of V. cholerae O1 strains from 1995 to 2019 were analyzed through molecular analysis using different PCR assays and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis.

Haitian variant Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa caused cholera outbreaks in Odisha.

Purpose: Diarrheal disorders particularly cholera cause a significant threat resulting in high morbidity and mortality in the coastal and tribal areas of Odisha. Two sequential diarrheal outbreaks reported in 2016 from Balasore and Rayagada districts of Odisha were investigated to find out the causative organisms, antibiogram profile and molecular analysis of the isolated pathogens.

Method: Bacteriological analysis and antibiogram profiles of the pathogens were carried out as per the standard procedure followed.

Dissemination of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from Odisha, India.

The present study reported the antimicrobial susceptibility trends, virulence genes, and drug resistance genes of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from outbreaks and epidemics over two and half decades (1995-2019) from Odisha, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Virulence and drug resistance genes were detected by multiplex PCR assays.

Environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae serogroups in the flowing freshwater environs from the tribal areas of Odisha, Eastern India.

The environmental reservoirs of different serogroups of Vibrio cholerae causing cholera in the flowing freshwater bodies of the tribal areas of Odisha are not known. So the present study was conducted from June 2017 to March 2020 to find out the environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae serogroups in the water and plankton samples collected from the river, nala, stream and chua from Rayagada district.

Dissemination of Polymyxin B Sensitivity in El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains in Odisha, India.

The Vibrio species undergo cryptic changes in their genetic material for better adaptability, which accounts for antibiotic resistance. In the present study, we investigated the emergence and spread of sensitivity to polymyxin B (PB) by El Tor V. cholerae O1 strains from 1995 to 2019 in Odisha, India.

Spread of Haitian Variant Vibrio cholerae O1 Causing Cholera Outbreaks in Odisha, India.

Cholera posed a significant threat causing outbreaks/epidemics with high morbidity and mortality in Odisha. This study envisages the characterisation of isolated pathogen from two cholera outbreaks reported in 2018 and 2019 from Bargarh and Rayagada districts of Odisha respectively. Vibrio cholerae O1 were isolated following standard techniques.

Incidence of Bacterial Enteropathogens among Diarrhea Patients from Tribal Areas of Odisha.

Infectious diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and underdeveloped countries. The present study documented the etiology of bacterial enteropathogens in three tribal districts of Odisha from July 2010 to September 2013. A total of 1427 rectal swabs were collected and bacteriologically analyzed by following standard procedure.

Computational characterization of epitopic region within the outer membrane protein candidate in for vaccine development.

Gram-negative bacteria is the main causative agents for columnaris disease outbreak to finfishes. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) candidate of bacterial cell served a critical component for cellular invasion targeted to the eukaryotic cell and survival inside the macrophages. Therefore, OMPs considered as the supreme element for the development of promising vaccine against .

Epidemiology and Antibiogram Profile of Vibrio cholerae Isolates between 2004-2013 from Odisha, India.

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139, which are known to cause epidemics of cholera in Odisha. The present study was intended to document the antibiotic resistance pattern among clinical isolates of both serogroups of V. cholerae (O1 and O139) isolated during 2004-2013.

Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Strains Carrying the ctxB7 Allele Caused a Large Cholera Outbreak during 2014 in the Tribal Areas of Odisha, India.

The large outbreak of cholera reported during July to September 2014 in the Narla block of Kalahandi district, India, was investigated to determine the causative organism. Rectal swabs collected from patients with diarrhea and environmental water samples were cultured following standard techniques. The causative organism was identified as Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor, and analysis by double mismatch mutation assay PCR confirmed that all strains were the ctxB7 variant of Haitian V.

Emergence and spread of tetracycline resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant during 2010 cholera epidemic in the tribal areas of Odisha, India.

Objectives: The epidemics of cholera were reported in the Kashipur, K.singhpur, B cuttack blocks of Rayagada district and Mohana block of Gajapati district of Odisha during 2010. The present study was carried out to isolate the bacterial pathogen, its drug sensitivity pattern and to describe the spread of the disease in those areas.

Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress induces apoptosis by inhibiting PI3-kinase/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK mediated signaling pathway causing downregulation of 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase levels in glial cells.

Glial cells are very important for normal brain function and alterations in their activity due to hyperglycemia, could contribute to diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative insults often cause rapid changes in almost all cells including glial cells. However, pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to diabetic complications are not completely elucidated.

An Ogawa cholera outbreak 6 months after the Inaba cholera outbreaks in India, 2006.

Background/purpose: Cholera has been reported in the state of Orissa, India during the last decades. An explosive outbreak of diarrhea occurred in Central Cuttack Ward 22 of Orissa (population approximately 10,621), between March 12-23, 2006. This outbreak was investigated by a team from the Regional Medical Research Centre of Bhubaneswar to identify the causative agents and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated virulent genes.

Quadruplex PCR for simultaneous detection of serotype, biotype, toxigenic potential, and central regulating factor of Vibrio cholerae.

A quadruplex PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection of genes specific for Vibrio cholerae O1 and/or O139 serogroup (wbe and/or wbf), cholera toxin A subunit (ctxA), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpA), and central regulating protein ToxR (toxR) in a single tube reaction. This is a simple, rapid, and accurate approach for the detection of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and/or O139 and can prevent the rapid spread of the disease by early detection.

Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Inaba causing outbreaks of cholera in Orissa, India.

A total of 431 rectal swabs, collected from acute diarrheal cases at a surveillance site and at different diarrheal outbreak areas of Orissa from May to October 2005, were bacteriologically analyzed. Out of 265 culture-positive samples, Vibrio cholerae O1 was isolated in 56 samples (20.8%), of which 37 were the Inaba serotype and 19 were the Ogawa.