Effect of Chloroplast ATP Synthase on Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Cotton.

Abnormal programmed cell death in the tapetum is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the main factors leading to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). These abnormalities are caused by genetic interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genes. To explore the role of chloroplast genes in ROS metabolism, next-generation and single-molecule real-time sequencing of the chloroplast genome were performed in the cotton CMS line Jin A (Jin A-CMS).

A computational study of the influence of thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscle interaction on vocal fold dynamics in an MRI-based human laryngeal model.

A human laryngeal model, incorporating all the cartilages and the intrinsic muscles, was reconstructed based on MRI data. The vocal fold was represented as a multilayer structure with detailed inner components. The activation levels of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles were systematically varied from zero to full activation allowing for the analysis of their interaction and influence on vocal fold dynamics and glottal flow.

Does green innovation reduce environmental degradation? A panel threshold analysis for BRICS countries.

In this present age, innovation has become inextricably tied to both long-term economic growth and environmentally sound development. In this context, the impact that environmentally focused technological advancements or innovations have on environmental quality is of the utmost importance. Therefore, the main goal of the present study is to determine how Green innovation () affects environmental degradation in the BRICS countries from 1992 to 2021.

E3 ligase TRIM28 promotes anti-PD-1 resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Background: Alterations in several tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. TRIM28, a member of the TRIM E3 ligase family, has been associated with tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and inflammation. However, little is known about TRIM28 expression and its role in the immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Flexible Label-Induced Manifold Broad Learning System for Multiclass Recognition.

Broad learning system (BLS), which emerges as a lightweight network paradigm, has recently attracted great attention for recognition problems due to its good balance between efficiency and accuracy. However, the supervision mechanism in BLS and its variants generally relies on the strict binary label matrix, which imposes limitations on approximation and fails to adequately align with the data distribution. To address this issue, in this article, two novel flexible label-induced BLS models with the manifold manner are proposed, whose notable characteristics are as follows.

ROS accumulation-induced tapetal PCD timing changes leads to microspore abortion in cotton CMS lines.

Background: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the basis of heterosis exploitation. CMS has been used to hybrid production in cotton, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. CMS is associated with advanced or delayed tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may mediate this process.

Predicting 3D soft tissue dynamics from 2D imaging using physics informed neural networks.

Tissue dynamics play critical roles in many physiological functions and provide important metrics for clinical diagnosis. Capturing real-time high-resolution 3D images of tissue dynamics, however, remains a challenge. This study presents a hybrid physics-informed neural network algorithm that infers 3D flow-induced tissue dynamics and other physical quantities from sparse 2D images.

Biosynthesis of value-added bioproducts from hemicellulose of biomass through microbial metabolic engineering.

Hemicellulose is the second most abundant carbohydrate in lignocellulosic biomass and has extensive applications. In conventional biomass refinery, hemicellulose is easily converted to unwanted by-products in pretreatment and therefore can't be fully utilized. The present study aims to summarize the most recent development of lignocellulosic polysaccharide degradation and fully convert it to value-added bioproducts through microbial and enzymatic catalysis.

A computational framework for patient-specific surgical planning of type 1 thyroplasty.

A computational framework is proposed for virtual optimization of implant configurations of type 1 thyroplasty based on patient-specific laryngeal structures reconstructed from MRI images. Through integration of a muscle mechanics-based laryngeal posturing model, a flow-structure-acoustics interaction voice production model, a real-coded genetic algorithm, and virtual implant insertion, the framework acquires the implant configuration that achieves the optimal acoustic objectives. The framework is showcased by successfully optimizing an implant that restores acoustic features of a diseased voice resulted from unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) in producing a sustained vowel utterance.

E3 ligase TRIM15 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression through mediating Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Background: Recent studies have indicated that some members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins function as important regulators for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), However, the regulatory mechanism underpinning aberrant expression of TRIM in NSCLC remains unclear. Here we report that TRIM15 plays important roles in NSCLC progression through modulating Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Methods: TRIM15 expression was evaluated by western blot analysis, tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry analysis.

Online Star vs. Celebrity Endorsements: The Role of Self-Concept and Advertising Appeal in Influencing Purchase Intention.

Despite the fact that companies increasingly value online star endorsements as Internet celebrity economy booms, scientific knowledge on the effect of online star endorsements on consumers' purchase intention is limited. Based on the theories of self and construal level theory, this study investigates the impact of online star vs. celebrity endorsements on purchase intention and explores the underlying mechanism as well as boundary conditions.

Vocal fold vibration mode changes due to cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscle interaction in a three-dimensional model of the canine larynx.

Using a continuum model based on magnetic resonance imaging of a canine larynx, parametric simulations of the vocal fold vibration during phonation were conducted with the cricothyroid muscle (CT) and the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) independently activated from zero to full activation. The fundamental frequency (f) first increased and then experienced a downward jump as TA activity gradually increased under moderate to high CT activation. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis revealed that the vocal fold vibrations were dominated by two modes representing a lateral motion and rotational motion, respectively, and the f drop was associated with a switch on the order of the two modes.

Enable a Facile Size Re-distribution of MBE-Grown Ga-Droplets via In Situ Pulsed Laser Shooting.

A MBE-prepared Gallium (Ga)-droplet surface on GaAs (001) substrate is in situ irradiated by a single shot of UV pulsed laser. It demonstrates that laser shooting can facilely re-adjust the size of Ga-droplet and a special Ga-droplet of extremely broad size-distribution with width from 16 to 230 nm and height from 1 to 42 nm are successfully obtained. Due to the energetic inhomogeneity across the laser spot, the modification of droplet as a function of irradiation intensity (IRIT) can be straightly investigated on one sample and the correlated mechanisms are clarified.

Effects of cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid interaction on voice control: Muscle activity, vocal fold biomechanics, flow, and acoustics.

An MRI-based three-dimensional computer model of a canine larynx was used to investigate the effect of cricothyroid (CT) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle activity on vocal fold pre-phonatory posturing and glottic dynamics during voice production. Static vocal fold posturing in the full activation space of CT and TA muscles was first simulated using a laryngeal muscle mechanics model; dynamic flow-structure-acoustics interaction (FSAI) simulations were then performed to predict glottal flow and voice acoustics. The results revealed that TA activation decreased the length and increased the bulging, height, and contact area of the vocal fold.

A three-dimensional vocal fold posturing model based on muscle mechanics and magnetic resonance imaging of a canine larynx.

In this work, a high-fidelity three-dimensional continuum model of the canine laryngeal framework was developed for simulating laryngeal posturing. By building each muscle and cartilage from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the model is highly realistic in anatomy. The muscle mechanics is modeled using the finite-element method.

Regulation of the biosynthesis of endogenous nitric oxide and abscisic acid in stored peaches by exogenous nitric oxide and abscisic acid.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) and abscisic acid (ABA) are important regulators of plant response to cold stress, and they interact in response to cold signals. The primary goal of this study was to determine the roles of exogenous NO and ABA on the synthesis of endogenous NO and ABA in cold-stored peach fruit.

Results: Exogenous NO and ABA maintained a relatively high content of NO, increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and inhibited the activity of NO synthase (NOS)-like and the levels of polyamine biosynthesis in peaches during cold storage.

Regulation of Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism by Nitric Oxide Inhibitors and the Quality of Peaches during Cold Storage.

Both nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) have been shown to have positive effects on the maintenance of fruit quality during storage; however, the mechanisms by which NO regulates the endogenous HS metabolism remain unknown. In this experiment, peaches were immersed in solutions of NO, potassium 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO, as an NO scavenger), N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity), and sodium tungstate (as an inhibitor of nitrate reductase), and the resulting changes in the HS metabolism of peaches were studied. The results showed that exogenous NO reduced the contents of endogenous HS, Cys, and sulfite; decreased the activities of l-/d-cysteine desulfhydrase (l-/d-CD), -acetylserine (thiol)lyase (OAS-TL), and sulfite reductase (SiR); and increased the activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS).

Interactive effects of abscisic acid and nitric oxide on chilling resistance and active oxygen metabolism in peach fruit during cold storage.

Background: Cold conditions can accelerate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and excessive ROS may attack biological macromolecules, disrupt related signal pathways, induce oxidative stress and influence plant metabolism. The cross-talk between nitric oxide (NO) and abscisic acid (ABA) and the inhibitions by NO or ABA on oxidative damage have been reported in fruits. However, there are few reports about the roles of NO-ABA interactions in chilling stress and antioxidant defense in fruits during cold storage.

An TRIM59-CDK6 axis regulates growth and metastasis of lung cancer.

Lung cancer (LC) is a devastating malignancy with no effective treatments, due to its complex genomic profile. Using bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical of lung carcinoma tissues, we show that TRIM59 as a critical oncoprotein relating to LC proliferation and metastasis. In this study, high TRIM59 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and tumour stage.

CPT1A-mediated succinylation of S100A10 increases human gastric cancer invasion.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy of the lining of the stomach and is prone to distant metastasis, which involves a variety of complex molecules. The S100 proteins are a family of calcium-binding cytosolic proteins that possess a wide range of intracellular and extracellular functions and play pivotal roles in the invasion and migration of tumour cells. Among these, S100A10 is known to be overexpressed in GC.

Chitinase 3-like 1-CD44 interaction promotes metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through β-catenin/Erk/Akt signaling in gastric cancer.

Background: Enzymatically inactive chitinase-like protein CHI3L1 drives inflammatory response and promotes tumor progression. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis and metastasis has not yet been fully elucidated. We determined the significance of CHI3L1 expression in patients with GC.

Helicobacter pylori-induced exosomal MET educates tumour-associated macrophages to promote gastric cancer progression.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers chronic inflammation that has been associated with gastric cancer (GC). Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that have become the key mediators of intercellular communication.

Tumor-derived lactate induces M2 macrophage polarization via the activation of the ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway in breast cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are prominent components of tumor microenvironment (TME) and capable of promoting cancer progression. However, the mechanisms for the formation of M2-like TAMs remain enigmatic. Here, we show that lactate is a pivotal oncometabolite in the TME that drives macrophage M2-polarization to promote breast cancer proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.

CD36 deficiency attenuates immune-mediated hepatitis in mice by modulating the proapoptotic effects of CXC chemokine ligand 10.

Unlabelled: The scavenger receptor CD36 recognizes a diverse set of ligands and has been implicated in a wide variety of normal and pathological processes, including lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and phagocytosis. In particular, recent findings have demonstrated its crucial functions in sterile inflammation and tumor metastasis. However, the role of CD36 in immune-mediated hepatitis remains unclear.