A journey through cannabidiol in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with no known cure characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms like cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, and sleep disorders often accompany the disease. Pharmacological treatments for these symptoms are limited and frequently induce significant adverse reactions, underscoring the necessity for appropriate treatment options.

Cannabidiol improves non-motor symptoms, attenuates neuroinflammation, and favours hippocampal newborn neuronal maturation in a rat model of Parkinsonism.

Objective: To investigate the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on emotional and cognitive symptoms in rats with intra-nigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received bilateral intranigral 6-OHDA infusions and were tested in a battery of behavioural paradigms to evaluate non-motor symptoms. The brains were obtained to evaluate the effects of CBD on hippocampal neurogenesis.

Cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system provided by four active supplementary irrigation methods.

This in vitro study evaluated the bacterial reduction provided by the EndoActivator (EA), Easy Clean (EC), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and XP-Endo Finisher. Eight-four mesial roots of mandibular first molars were instrumented, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and divided into four groups (n. 20).

Parameter evaluation for developing phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus inoculants.

Bacterial inoculants have been used in agriculture to improve plant performance. However, laboratory and field requirements must be completed before a candidate can be employed as an inoculant. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the parameters for inoculant formulation and the potential of Bacillus subtilis (B70) and B.

Blood-Brain Barrier Rescue by Roflumilast After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats.

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4-I), which selectively increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, have shown neuroprotective effects after several neurological injuries inducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage including local/focal cerebral ischemia. The present investigated whether roflumilast confers BBB neuroprotection in the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in rats. TGCI resulted in whole BBB disruption as measured by the increase of Evans blue (EB) and IgG extravasation, neurodegeneration, and downregulation of claudin-5 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in the CA1 hippocampal subfield of ischemic rats.

Quantifying and mapping species threat abatement opportunities to support national target setting.

The successful implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will rely on effective translation of targets from global to national level and increased engagement across diverse sectors of society. Species conservation targets require policy support measures that can be applied to a diversity of taxonomic groups, that link action targets to outcome goals, and that can be applied to both global and national data sets to account for national context, which the species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric does. To test the flexibility of STAR, we applied the metric to vascular plants listed on national red lists of Brazil, Norway, and South Africa.

Long-term treatment with roflumilast improves learning of fear extinction memory and anxiety-like response in a type-1 diabetes mellitus animal model.

Diabetic encephalopathy is related to serious damage to the Central Nervous System leading to several disturbances in memory processing and emotions. It is known that the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element-binding protein (CREB) pathway participates in neuronal plasticity and prevention of neuroinflammation, as well as the mediation of learning/memory processes and emotions in brain areas such as the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We aimed to investigate the effect of acute (one injection) and long-term treatment (21 days) with roflumilast (ROF; i.

Study of zeolite anti-caking effects for fertilisers by H low-field NMR.

Caking is associated with the consolidation of dry powder and granules, leading to losses of function and/or quality. It has been object of studies in the pharmaceutical, food and fertiliser areas since 1920's because of its significant impact on product quality and value. Caking has been described as a three-step event consisting of sorption-dissolution-recrystallisation phases and constitutes a critical factor in fertilisers losses during storage while also hampering fertiliser application.

Accessing biochar's porosity using a new low field NMR approach and its impacts on the retention of highly mobile herbicides.

Agrowaste biochars [sugarcane straw (SS), rice husk (RH), poultry manure (PM), and sawdust (SW)] were synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures (350, 450, 550, and 650 °C) to evaluate their potential to retain highly mobile herbicides, such as hexazinone and tebuthiuron that often contaminate water resources around sugarcane plantations. A new low field nuclear magnetic resonance approach based on decay due to diffusion in internal magnetic field (NMR-DDIF) was successfully used to determine biochar's porosity and specific surface area (SSA) to clear the findings of this work. SSA of pores with diameters >5.

Cannabidiol Confers Neuroprotection in Rats in a Model of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia: Impact of Hippocampal Synaptic Neuroplasticity.

Evidence for the clinical use of neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of cerebral ischemia (CI) is still greatly limited. Spatial/temporal disorientation and cognitive dysfunction are among the most prominent long-term sequelae of CI. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa that exerts neuroprotective effects against experimental CI.

Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare smear layer removal by conventional application (CA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EasyClean (EC), and XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) after chemomechanical preparation, as evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials And Methods: Forty-five single-rooted human mandibular premolars were selected for this study. After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the protocol for smear layer removal, as follows: G1 (control): CA of distilled water; G2 (CA): CA of 17% EDTA; G3 (PUI): 17% EDTA activated by PUI; G4 (EC): 17% EDTA activated by EC; and G5 (XPF): 17% EDTA activated by XPF.

Endophytic Bacillus strains enhance pearl millet growth and nutrient uptake under low-P.

Bacterial endophytes are considered to have a beneficial effect on host plants, improving their growth by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of four endophytic Bacillus strains to solubilize iron phosphate (Fe-P), produce siderophores and indole-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro, and to evaluate their plant growth promotion ability in greenhouse conditions by inoculation into pearl millet cultivated in a P-deficient soils without P fertilization, with Araxá rock phosphate or soluble triple superphosphate. All strains solubilized Fe-P and three of them produced carboxylate-type siderophores and high levels of IAA in the presence of tryptophan.

A peptidogalactomannan isolated from Cladosporium herbarum induces defense-related genes in BY-2 tobacco cells.

Cladosporium herbarum is a plant pathogen associated with passion fruit scab and mild diseases in pea and soybean. In this study, a peptidogalactomannan (pGM) of C. herbarum mycelium was isolated and structurally characterized, and its role in plant-fungus interactions was evaluated.

β-Galactofuranose-containing structures present in the cell wall of the saprophytic fungus Cladosporium (Hormoconis) resinae.

A peptidogalactomannan was isolated from mycelia of Cladosporium (Hormoconis) resinae and characterized using methylation-fragmentation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The galactomannan component was a branched structure and consisted of a main chain containing (1→6)-linked α-d-Manp residues substituted at O-2 by side chains containing (1→2)-linked α-D-Manp residues. β-D-Galf residues were present as side chains of 3-4 units that are (1→5)-interlinked.

[Seroprevalence of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii in captive wild canids].

Neosporosis is considered one of the main cause of abortion in dairy cattle in the world. The prevalence of Neospora caninum in wild species has been studied since the coyote (Canis latrans), a North American wild canid specie was discovered as definitive host of this parasite. The aim of the present study was to determine the serum prevalence of N.

Reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests of the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella).

Purpose: To perform selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) with the aim of establishing normal physiological reference values for this species.

Methods: A total of 15 healthy, capuchin monkeys were used to test most of the parameters in this investigation. Five of the 15 monkeys were used for the evaluation of normal conjunctival flora.

Reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

Purpose: To perform selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy ferrets with the aim of establishing normal physiological reference values for this species.

Method: A total of 15 healthy, unrelated ferrets were used to test most of the parameters in this investigation. Eight of the 15 ferrets were used for central corneal thickness evaluation.