Glittre-ADL tests in three laps as an alternative to the five laps test.

Background: The Glittre-ADL test is a comprehensive test to evaluate functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aim: The primary aim was to validate the Glittre-ADL test with and without the backpack performed in three laps as an alternative to five laps in people with COPD.

Methods: Forty-eight participants with mild to severe COPD (mean ± SD age: 71 ± 7 years; FEV: 46 ± 17 %predicted) were recruited and performed two 6-min walk tests (visit 1); two Glittre-ADL tests with backpack (visit 2), and the Glittre-ADL test with and without the backpack, in random order (visit 3).

Glittre endurance test: A new test to assess the functional capacity of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: For people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the ability to perform functional activities for a prolonged duration is important for completion of daily tasks. While the Glittre-ADL test measures time taken to complete a series of functional activities, there is no test of endurance capacity for common daily activities.

Research Question: Is the Glittre Endurance test a valid and responsive test to measure endurance capacity for functional daily tasks in people with COPD?

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

Cascade Reactions Assisted by Microwave Irradiation: Ultrafast Construction of 2-Quinolinone-Fused γ-Lactones from -(-Ethynylaryl)acrylamides and Formamide.

An ultrafast (10 s) methodology to construct novel highly functionalized 2-quinolinones from -(o-ethynylaryl)acrylamides (1,7-enynes) is described for the first time. Microwave irradiation enabled the ultrafast synthesis of 2-quinolinone-fused γ-lactones from Fenton's reagents in formamide. After six key consecutive reactions, including a diastereoselective step, 2-quinolinone-fused γ-lactones were obtained in good overall yield (up to 46%; 10 s).