The role of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A strains in a large outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in 2012 in Changsha, China.

Background: During 2012, Changsha experienced a large outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), resulting in 25,438 cases, including 42 severe cases and eight deaths.

Methods: Seven hundred and forty-six clinical specimens were collected from hospital-based surveillance for HFMD in 2012. The detection and genotyping of enterovirus were performed by real-time RT-PCR and sequencing of the VP1 regions; phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the VP1 sequences.

Surveillance of influenza virus during 2010-2012 in Changsha, China.

The objective of this study was to examine the circulating influenza viruses in Changsha, China, during 2010-2012. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from persons with influenza-like illness (ILI) who presented for care at two hospitals. Of 2,955 patients tested, 278/(9.

[Risk related to the transmission of H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus in the environment of poultry markets in Changsha, China].

Objective: To investigate the risk of H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission in the poultry market environment in Changsha city. H5N1 antibody levels among the groups related occupational exposure and AIV nucleic acid in the environment of poultry markets were detected. The characteristics of haemagglutinin (HA) genes of H5N1 AIV in the environment were analyzed.