Multidimensional Proteomic Landscape Reveals Distinct Activated Pathways Between Human Brain Tumors.

Brain metastases (BrMs) and gliomas are two typical human brain tumors with high incidence of mortalities and distinct clinical challenges, yet the understanding of these two types of tumors remains incomplete. Here, a multidimensional proteomic landscape of BrMs and gliomas to infer tumor-specific molecular pathophysiology at both tissue and plasma levels is presented. Tissue sample analysis reveals both shared and distinct characteristics of brain tumors, highlighting significant disparities between BrMs and gliomas with differentially activated upstream pathways of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway that have been scarcely discussed previously.

Ceramide synthase 6 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hemin-treated neurons by impairing mitophagy through interacting with sequestosome 1.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe subtype of stroke linked to high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the underlying mechanisms of neuronal injury post-ICH remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated sphingolipid metabolism alterations in neurons using lipidomics and explored the regulatory mechanisms involved.

UDA-GS: A cross-center multimodal unsupervised domain adaptation framework for Glioma segmentation.

Gliomas are the most common and malignant form of primary brain tumors. Accurate segmentation and measurement from MRI are crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Due to the infiltrative growth pattern of gliomas, their labeling is very difficult.

Desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1 mutant: illustrative case.

Background: Desmoplastic myxoid tumor (DMT) of the pineal region, SMARCB1 mutant is a newly proposed tumor in the 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors. Based on a comprehensive literature review, only 10 cases have been reported so far.

Observations: Here, the authors describe a 50-year-old female who presented with sudden headache and dizziness combined with paralysis of upward gaze.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Agonist SB4 (BMPSB4) Inhibits Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors by Activation of Autophagy via a BMP4/SMADs-Dependent Pathway.

Corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), associated with Cushing's disease (CD), have limited treatment options other than surgical resection. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a potential therapeutic target, is decreased in patients with CD. Previous studies have identified BMPSB4 as a potent agonist of the BMP4 signaling pathway.

Presurgical structural imaging and clinical outcome in combined bed nucleus of the stria terminalis-nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression.

Background: Structural imaging holds great potential for precise targeting and stimulation for deep brain stimulation (DBS). The anatomical information it provides may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of DBS in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Aims: The primary aim is to identify preoperative imaging biomarkers that correlate with the efficacy of DBS in patients with TRD.

Pituitary abscess: a descriptive analysis of a series of 19 patients-a multi-center experience.

Objectives: Pituitary abscess (PA) accounts for only 0.3-0.5% of sellar masses, and the lack of specific clinical symptoms makes diagnosing PA difficult without a surgical biopsy.

Analysis of brain structural covariance network in Cushing disease.

Background: Cushing disease (CD) is a rare clinical neuroendocrine disease. CD is characterized by abnormal hypercortisolism induced by a pituitary adenoma with the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Individuals with CD usually exhibit atrophy of gray matter volume.

Identifying gray matter alterations in Cushing's disease using machine learning: An interpretable approach.

Background: Cushing's Disease (CD) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, leading to significant functional and structural brain alterations as observed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). While traditional statistical analysis has been widely employed to investigate these MRI changes in CD, it has lacked the ability to predict individual-level outcomes.

Purpose: To address this problem, this paper has proposed an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework, including model-level assessment, feature-level assessment, and biology-level assessment to ensure a comprehensive analysis based on structural MRI of CD.

Proteomic landscape of primary and metastatic brain tumors for heterogeneity discovery.

Purpose: Despite recent advancements in our understanding of driver gene mutations and heterogeneity within brain tumors, whether primary or metastatic (also known as secondary), our comprehension of proteomic changes remains inadequate. The aim of this study is to provide an informative source for brain tumor researches, and distinguish primary brain tumors and secondary brain tumors from extracranial origins based on proteomic analysis.

Experimental Design: We assembled the most frequent brain tumors as follows: gliomas from WHO grade 2 to 4, with IDH1 mutations and wildtypes; brain metastases (BrMs) originating from lung cancer (LC), breast cancer (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), and colorectal cancer (CC).

Nasal and Sellar Anatomic Variations in Pituitary-Dependent Cushing Disease.

Objective: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone excessive secretion in pituitary-dependent Cushing disease (CD) patients may lead to anatomic variations of the nasal-sphenoidal corridor as a result of hormone-induced abnormal soft tissue change. However, there is still a lack of data on anatomic dimensions in CD patients. In this study, magnetic resonance images were analyzed to determine the anatomic variations of the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus in CD patients.

Platelet-Membrane-Coated Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Neuroprotection by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Repairing Damaged Vessels in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by primary and second brain injury can induce neuron death and inhibit neurological functional recovery after ICH. Therefore, exploring an effective way to noninvasively target hemorrhage sites to scavenge ROS is urgently needed.

Association between general anesthesia and contrast-induced encephalopathy after endovascular treatment on neurovascular diseases.

Objective: Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare neurological complication that can occur in the context of various endovascular procedures. Although many potential risk factors for CIE have been reported, it is still unclear whether anesthesia is a risk factor for the occurrence of CIE. The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence of CIE in patients who underwent endovascular treatment under different anesthesia methods and anesthetics administration and to explore whether general anesthesia was a potential risk factor for CIE.

Irreversible Alterations of Susceptibility in Cushing's Disease: A Longitudinal QSM Study.

Objectives: Chronic exposure to hypercortisolism is associated with accelerated aging and neurodegenerative diseases, while Cushing's disease (CD) is the most common form of endogenous hypercortisolism exposure. This study aimed to assess longitudinal susceptibility changes in CD using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) before and after resolution of hypercortisolism.

Methods: In this study, 24 CD patients and 24 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with QSM.

Reoperation for Recurrent and Persistent Cushing's Disease without Visible MRI Findings.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery is the first-line treatment for Cushing's disease (CD), even with negative preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. Some patients with persistent or recurring hypercortisolism have negative MRI findings after the initial surgery. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of repeat surgery in two groups of patients and determine if there is an association between positive MRI findings and early remission.

Molecular diagnosis and treatment of meningiomas: an expert consensus (2022).

Abstract: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with diverse pathological types and complicated clinical manifestations. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), published in 2021, introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in meningiomas. To follow the revision of WHO CNS5, this expert consensus statement was formed jointly by the Group of Neuro-Oncology, Society of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medical Association together with neuropathologists and evidence-based experts.

Single-Stage Endovascular Treatment of Severe Cranial Artery Stenosis Coexisted With Ipsilateral Distal Tandem Intracranial Aneurysm.

Objective: The coexistence of severe cranial artery stenosis and ipsilateral distal tandem intracranial aneurysm is an unusual phenomenon. Currently, there is no consensus to provide treatment guidelines for concomitant lesions. This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of single-stage endovascular treatment in patients under this special condition.

Region-specific disturbed iron redistribution in Cushing's disease measured by magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Objectives: Cushing's disease (CD) is most common endogenous Cushing's syndrome. This study aimed to assess iron alternations in deep grey matter in CD.

Design: A cross-sectional study was performed.

Surgical Clipping of Previously Coiled Recurrent Intracranial Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience.

This study reviews our experiences in surgical clipping of previously coiled aneurysms, emphasizing on recurrence mechanism of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and surgical techniques for different types of recurrent IAs. We performed a retrospective study on 12 patients who underwent surgical clipping of aneurysms following endovascular treatment between January 2010 and October 2020. The indications for surgery, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Trends in regional morphological changes in the brain after the resolution of hypercortisolism in Cushing's disease: a complex phenomenon, not mere partial reversibility.

The adverse effects of hypercortisolism on the human brain have been highlighted in previous studies of Cushing's disease (CD). However, the relative alterations in regional hypercortisolism in the brain remain unclear. Thus, we investigated regional volumetric alterations in CD patients.

Management of Acute Hemorrhage Caused by Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation During Pregnancy-Case Series and Literature Review.

Objective: Acute hemorrhage caused by cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) during pregnancy is uncommon but life-threatening for both mother and fetus and presents a great challenge to clinical management. However, there is still no consensus on the treatment strategy and the treatment timing of acute hemorrhage from cAVM during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to amalgamate reported case series and our cases regarding the clinical management of pregnant patients under this special condition.

Vagus nerve stimulation suppresses corticotropin-releasing factor-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone release in rats.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome is characterized by hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. As the neuroendocrinological axis has been shown to react under the regulation of the central nerve system through the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) releasing from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Whether one of the neuromodulation therapies, vagus nerve stimulation, is able to treat this neuroendocrinological disorder remains unknown.