Regulation and Pharmacology of the Cyclic GMP and Nitric Oxide Pathway in Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells.

This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of the nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway in stem cells. The levels of expression of various components of the pathway are changed during the differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. In undifferentiated stem cells, NO regulates self-renewal and survival predominantly through cGMP-independent mechanisms.

Genome-wide analysis and expression profile of the bZIP gene family in .

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family consists of conserved transcription factors which are widely present in eukaryotes and play important regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. is a red marine macroalga of significant economic importance; however, their bZIP family members and functions have not been systematically identified and analyzed. In the present study, the gene family in was characterized by investigating gene structures, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal localizations, gene duplication events, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles.

A novel MYC-ZNF706-SLC7A11 regulatory circuit contributes to cancer progression and redox balance in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

The oncogenic potential of chromosome 8q22 copy number gain in liver cancer remains to be depicted. Here, we report that ZNF706, encoded by a gene mapped to chromosome 8q22, is a C2H2-type zinc finger protein. However, the biological function and mechanism of ZNF706 have been poorly investigated.

Research progress of glucocorticoid resistance in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A review.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the common chronic inflammatory diseases in otolaryngology. Glucocorticoid (GC) acts as the first-line drug for the treatment of CRSwNP in clinical practice, and they play an irreplaceable role in reducing nasal mucosal inflammation and restoring the normal physiological function of the nasal mucosa. However, many patients are still insensitive to GC treatment, known as GC resistance, which leads to poor control of the disease, and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully elucidated.

Mechanism of ozone alleviation of malignant ascites in hepatocellular carcinoma through the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Malignant ascites in hepatocellular carcinoma is usually a sign of advanced disease and poor prognosis and is also thought to be associated with chronic inflammation mediated by neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) networks. Although ozone, a strong oxidant, has significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, its effectiveness in treating malignant liver ascites is unclear. We first measured the levels of NETs in the peripheral blood of patients with liver cancer and healthy individuals.

Ablation of CD226 on CD4 T cells modulates asthma progress associated with altered IL-10 response and gut microbiota.

To investigate the role of the costimulatory molecule CD226 in asthma pathogenesis, we produced a CD4 T-cell-specific CD226 knockout mice model (Cd226) and induced airway allergic inflammation by administering ovalbumin (OVA). Our results revealed alleviated lung inflammation, decreased levels of OVA-specific IgE, and increased levels of IL-10 in the serum of Cd226 mice (P < 0.05).

Soluble Guanylate Cyclase β1 Subunit Represses Human Glioblastoma Growth.

Malignant glioma is the most common and deadly brain tumor. A marked reduction in the levels of sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase) transcript in the human glioma specimens has been revealed in our previous studies. In the present study, restoring the expression of sGCβ1 alone repressed the aggressive course of glioma.

The Multiple Roles of Periostin in Non-Neoplastic Disease.

Periostin, identified as a matricellular protein and an ECM protein, plays a central role in non-neoplastic diseases. Periostin and its variants have been considered to be normally involved in the progression of most non-neoplastic diseases, including brain injury, ocular diseases, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, dental diseases, atopic dermatitis, scleroderma, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoarthrosis. Periostin interacts with protein receptors and transduces signals primarily through the PI3K/Akt and FAK two channels as well as other pathways to elicit tissue remodeling, fibrosis, inflammation, wound healing, repair, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, bone formation, barrier, and vascular calcification.

CD226 Deficiency Alleviates Murine Allergic Rhinitis by Suppressing Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E-mediated type 2 inflammation of the nasal mucosa that is mainly driven by type 2 helper T cells (Th2) and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). CD226 is a costimulatory molecule associated with inflammatory response and is mainly expressed on T cells, natural killer cells, and monocytes. This study is aimed at elucidating the role of CD226 in allergic inflammatory responses in murine AR using global and CD4 T cell-specific knockout (KO) mice.

Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226.

With abundant research on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) published over the years, ILC2s are widely known to be implicated in regulating various pathological processes, including anti-helminth immunity, tissue repair, thermogenesis, and autoimmune diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). ILC2s permanently reside in peripheral tissues such as the skin, gut, lungs, and nasal cavity; however, there is limited information about their exact functions in nasal mucosal immunity. CD226 is an activating costimulatory molecule, mainly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and inflammatory monocytes.

CD226 Is Required to Maintain Megakaryocytes/Platelets Homeostasis in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis With Platelet-Rich Plasma in Mice.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a platelet-based application used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) clinically. The co-stimulatory molecule CD226 is expressed in T cells, NK cells, and also platelets. However, exact effects of CD226 on platelets and whether its expression level influences PRP efficacy are largely unknown.

Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Approach to Spontaneous Hypertensive Brainstem Hemorrhage.

Surgical management of spontaneous hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage remains a challenge for neurosurgeons, especially when the hemorrhage is located the ventral brainstem. Recently endoscopic endonasal approach has been applied for resection of ventral brainstem lesions, though no published literature has explored its utility in treating brainstem hemorrhage. Here we reported a successful evacuation of severe hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage through endoscopic endonasal transclival approach.

A miR-205-LPCAT1 axis contributes to proliferation and progression in multiple cancers.

In the past two decades, miRNAs have been demonstrated to play critical roles in development and progression of malignant diseases. To identify the role and mechanism of miRNA are urgent for the application of miRNA-based therapeutics in cancers. MiR-205 is a conserved miRNA from the invertebrate to mammalian species.

Heart Protection by Herb Formula BanXia BaiZhu TianMa Decoction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Modern research has shown that BanXia BaiZhu TianMa decoction (BBT) has the potential effect of lowering BP in vitro and in vivo. However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been clearly defined. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of BBT on the heart by examining heart functioning and anti-inflammatory characteristics and to obtain scientific evidence for its further medical applications.

The Nuclear Export and Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Dependent Degradation of PPARγ Induced By Angiotensin II.

Evidence has documented local angiotensin II (Ang II) as a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory molecule contributes to progressive deterioration of organ function in diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays crucial roles in protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Ang II stimulation decreases PPARγ protein in multiple types of cells, while the regulatory role of Ang II on PPARγ is not clear.

Programming and Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis by HDAC11.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate protein functions by catalyzing the removal of acetyl and acyl groups from lysine residues. They play pivotal roles in governing cell behaviors and are indispensable in numerous biological processes. HDAC11, the last identified and sole member of class IV HDACs, was reported over a decade ago.

Total Flavonoids from Radix Glycyrrhiza Exert Anti-Inflammatory and Antitumorigenic Effects by Inactivating iNOS Signaling Pathways.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in inflammation, which has also been considered as a major driver of breast cancer disease progression. Radix Glycyrrhiza (RG) has been broadly used for its anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects. However, the mechanisms of regulation of iNOS in inflammation and cancer have not been fully explored.

The Vasodilatory Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Herb Medications: A Comparison Study of Four Botanical Extracts.

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, in which, the endothelium dysfunction has been a key element. The current study was designed to explore the vasodilatory effect of anti-inflammatory herbs which have been traditionally used in different clinical applications. The total saponins from radix (SAA), total flavonoids from radix et rhizoma (FGR), total coumarins from radix (CPR), and total flavonoids from caulis (FSC) were extracted.

Tadalafil: Protective Action against the Development of Multiple Organ Failure Syndrome.

Introduction: Multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) is a pathology associated to unspecified and severe trauma, characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality. The complex inflammatory MOFS-related reactions generate important ischemia-reperfusion responses in the induction of this syndrome. Nitric oxide elevation, through the activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), has the potential of counteracting the typical systemic vasoconstriction, and platelet-induced hypercoagulation.

Enhancing cold atmospheric plasma treatment of cancer cells by static magnetic field.

It has been reported since late 1970 that magnetic field interacts strongly with biological systems. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has also been widely studied over the past few decades in physics, biology, and medicine. In this study, we propose a novel idea to combine static magnetic field (SMF) with CAP as a tool for cancer therapy.

Epigenetic regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) β1 in breast cancer cells.

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimer composed of α and β subunits. The loss of sGCβ1 has been implicated in several vascular and nonvascular diseases. Our analysis showed that higher levels of sGCβ1 in breast cancer tissues are correlated with greater survival probability than lower sGCβ1 levels.

Effects of Viola yedoensis Makino anti-itching compound on degranulation and cytokine generation in RBL-2H3 mast cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Chinese herb compound prescription Viola yedoensis Makino Anti-itching Compound (VYAC), which consists of Viola yedoensis Makino, herb, Sophora flavescens Aiton, root, and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, root and rhizome, has been traditionally used to treat various skin allergic inflammatory diseases in clinic.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of VYAC on degranulation and to determine its anti-inflammatory mechanism in RBL-2H3 mast cells.

Materials And Methods: VYAC was extracted with water-coction extraction (Shufen et al.