Generative large language models are all-purpose text analytics engines: text-to-text learning is all your need.

Objective: To solve major clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks using a unified text-to-text learning architecture based on a generative large language model (LLM) via prompt tuning.

Methods: We formulated 7 key clinical NLP tasks as text-to-text learning and solved them using one unified generative clinical LLM, GatorTronGPT, developed using GPT-3 architecture and trained with up to 20 billion parameters. We adopted soft prompts (ie, trainable vectors) with frozen LLM, where the LLM parameters were not updated (ie, frozen) and only the vectors of soft prompts were updated, known as prompt tuning.

Laser-Guided, Self-Confined Graphitization for High-Conductivity Embedded Electronics.

Facile fabrication of highly conductive and self-encapsulated graphene electronics is in urgent demand for carbon-based integrated circuits, field effect transistors, optoelectronic devices, and flexible sensors. The current fabrication of these electronic devices is mainly based on layer-by-layer techniques (separate circuit preparation and encapsulation procedures), which show multistep fabrication procedures, complicated renovation/repair procedures, and poor electrical property due to graphene oxidation and exfoliation. Here, we propose a laser-guided interfacial writing (LaserIW) technique based on self-confined, nickel-catalyzed graphitization to directly fabricate highly conductive, embedded graphene electronics inside multilayer structures.

Ternary Rotational Polyanion Coupling Enables Fast Li Ion Dynamics in Tetrafluoroborate Ion Doped Antiperovskite LiOHCl Solid Electrolyte.

Li-rich antiperovskite (LiRAP) hydroxyhalides are emerging as attractive solid electrolyte (SEs) for all-solid-state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) due to their low melting point, low cost, and ease of scaling-up. The incorporation of rotational polyanions can reduce the activation energy and thus improve the Li ion conductivity of SEs. Herein, we propose a ternary rotational polyanion coupling strategy to fasten the Li ion conduction in tetrafluoroborate (BF ) ion doped LiRAP LiOHCl.

Knockdown of circXPO1 inhibits the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of cellular processes in human malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect RNA expression levels of circXPO1, miR-524-5p and cyclin D1 (CCND1). Colony formation assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were performed to analyze cell proliferation, while transwell assay was carried out to investigate the cell migration and invasion.

Identifying social determinants of health from clinical narratives: A study of performance, documentation ratio, and potential bias.

Objective: To develop a natural language processing (NLP) package to extract social determinants of health (SDoH) from clinical narratives, examine the bias among race and gender groups, test the generalizability of extracting SDoH for different disease groups, and examine population-level extraction ratio.

Methods: We developed SDoH corpora using clinical notes identified at the University of Florida (UF) Health. We systematically compared 7 transformer-based large language models (LLMs) and developed an open-source package - SODA (i.

Insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns show enhanced predictive potential for gestational diabetes mellitus risk.

Context: The putative association between proinflammatory and hyperinsulinemic dietary patterns and susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to compare the risk associated with the Mediterranean diet, as well as insulinemic and proinflammatory dietary patterns, in relation to the occurrence of GDM, and evaluate their predictive value.

Methods: We prospectively followed 8, 495 women from the Maternal and Infant Health cohort in Hefei, China (2015-2021).

Na+/K+-ATPase: ion pump, signal transducer, or cytoprotective protein, and novel biological functions.

Na+/K+-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na+ out of and two K+ into cells. Additionally, Na+/K+-ATPase participates in Ca2+-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane. Na+/K+-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells.

An Interpretable Population Graph Network to Identify Rapid Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Using UK Biobank.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests with varying progression rates across individuals, necessitating the understanding of their intricate patterns of cognition decline that could contribute to effective strategies for risk monitoring. In this study, we propose an innovative interpretable population graph network framework for identifying rapid progressors of AD by utilizing patient information from electronic health-related records in the UK Biobank. To achieve this, we first created a patient similarity graph, in which each AD patient is represented as a node; and an edge is established by patient clinical characteristics distance.

The Burden of Cancer and Pre-cancerous Conditions Among Transgender Individuals in a Large Healthcare Network.

The current study aimed to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for cancer and pre-cancerous conditions, comparing transgender and cisgender individuals, using 2012-2023 electronic health record data from a large healthcare system. We identified 2,745 transgender individuals using a previously validated computable phenotype and 54,900 matched cisgender individuals. We calculated the prevalence of cancer and pre-cancer related to human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tobacco, alcohol, lung, breast, colorectum, and built multivariable logistic models to examine the association between gender identity and the presence of cancer or pre-cancer.

Machine Learning Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Linking Mothers' and Children's Electronic Health Record Data.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in children. Early detection of ASD, particularly in girls who are often diagnosed late, can aid long-term development for children. We aimed to develop machine learning models for predicting ASD diagnosis in children, both boys and girls, using child-mother linked electronic health records (EHRs) data from a large clinical research network.

Ferroelectricity-Defects Synergistic Artificial Synapses for High Recognition Accuracy Neuromorphic Computing.

The ability of ferroelectric memristors to modulate conductance and offer multilevel storage has garnered significant attention in the realm of artificial synapses. On one hand, the resistance change of ferroelectric memristors mainly depends on the polarization reversal. On the other hand, the defects such as oxygen vacancies, which are inevitable presence during high-temperature processes, can undergo diffusion drift with the polarization reversal, thereby change the interface potential barrier.

The gasdermin family: emerging therapeutic targets in diseases.

The gasdermin (GSDM) family has garnered significant attention for its pivotal role in immunity and disease as a key player in pyroptosis. This recently characterized class of pore-forming effector proteins is pivotal in orchestrating processes such as membrane permeabilization, pyroptosis, and the follow-up inflammatory response, which are crucial self-defense mechanisms against irritants and infections. GSDMs have been implicated in a range of diseases including, but not limited to, sepsis, viral infections, and cancer, either through involvement in pyroptosis or independently of this process.

Migrate demographic group for fair Graph Neural Networks.

Graph Neural networks (GNNs) have been applied in many scenarios due to the superior performance of graph learning. However, fairness is always ignored when designing GNNs. As a consequence, biased information in training data can easily affect vanilla GNNs, causing biased results toward particular demographic groups (divided by sensitive attributes, such as race and age).

Targeting NKAα1 to treat Parkinson's disease through inhibition of mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis.

Dysfunction of the Na/K-ATPase (NKA) has been documented in various neurodegenerative diseases, yet the specific role of NKAα1 in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains incompletely understood. In this investigation, we utilized NKAα1 haploinsufficiency (NKAα1) mice to probe the influence of NKAα1 on dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Our findings reveal that NKAα1 mice displayed a heightened loss of DA neurons and more pronounced motor dysfunction compared to the control group when exposed to MPTP.

Discovery of Highly Potent Solute Carrier 13 Member 5 (SLC13A5) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia.

In the face of escalating metabolic disease prevalence, largely driven by modern lifestyle factors, this study addresses the critical need for novel therapeutic approaches. We have identified the sodium-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT or SLC13A5) as a target for intervention. Utilizing rational drug design, we developed a new class of SLC13A5 inhibitors, anchored by the hydroxysuccinic acid scaffold, refining the structure of .

Assessing the Seasonality of Lab Tests Among Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in OneFlorida Data Trust.

About 1 in 9 older adults over 65 has Alzheimer's disease (AD), many of whom also have multiple other chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, necessitating careful monitoring through laboratory tests. Understanding the patterns of laboratory tests in this population aids our understanding and management of these chronic conditions along with AD. In this study, we used an unimodal cosinor model to assess the seasonality of lab tests using electronic health record (EHR) data from 34,303 AD patients from the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Consortium.

OCTOPUS: Disk-based, Multiplatform, Mobile-friendly Metagenomics Classifier.

Portable genomic sequencers such as Oxford Nanopore's MinION enable real-time applications in clinical and environmental health. However, there is a bottleneck in the downstream analytics when bioinformatics pipelines are unavailable, e.g.

Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) knock out may cause hyperuricemia phenotype in mice.

Hyperuricemia is a chronic metabolic disease caused by purine metabolism disorder. And several gene loci and transporter proteins that associated with uric acid transport functions have been identified. Retinol Dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12), recognized for its role in safeguarding photoreceptors, and our study investigated the potential impact of Rdh12 mutations on other organs and diseases, particularly hyperuricemia.

Model tuning or prompt Tuning? a study of large language models for clinical concept and relation extraction.

Objective: To develop soft prompt-based learning architecture for large language models (LLMs), examine prompt-tuning using frozen/unfrozen LLMs, and assess their abilities in transfer learning and few-shot learning.

Methods: We developed a soft prompt-based learning architecture and compared 4 strategies including (1) fine-tuning without prompts; (2) hard-prompting with unfrozen LLMs; (3) soft-prompting with unfrozen LLMs; and (4) soft-prompting with frozen LLMs. We evaluated GatorTron, a clinical LLM with up to 8.

A Combined Method of Seismic Monitoring and Transient Electromagnetic Detection for the Evaluation of Hydraulic Fracturing Effect in Coal Burst Prevention.

In order to mitigate the risk of roof-dominated coal burst in underground coal mining, horizontal long borehole staged hydraulic fracturing technology has been prevailingly employed to facilitate the weakening treatment of the hard roof in advance. Such weakening effect, however, can hardly be evaluated, which leads to a lack of a basis in which to design the schemes and parameters of hydraulic fracturing. In this study, a combined underground-ground integrated microseismic monitoring and transient electromagnetic detection method was utilized to carry out simultaneous evaluations of the seismic responses to each staged fracturing and the apparent resistivity changes before and after all finished fracturing.

Numerical Analysis on the Dynamic Response of PVC Foam/Polyurea Composite Sandwich Panels under the Close Air Blast Loading.

This paper explores a novel structure aimed at enhancing its blast resistance performance by adding a layer of polyurea coating to the steel-PVC foam-steel sandwich panel. The response of 13 different arrangements of sandwich panels under explosive loading was studied using numerical simulation. The response process can be divided into three deformation stages: (1) Fluid-structure interaction; (2) Compression of the sandwich panel; (3) Dynamic structural response.

Phenotypic Investigation and RNA-seq of Involved in Leaf Angle Formation in Maize ( L.).

Leaf angle (LA) is one of the core agronomic traits of maize, which controls maize yield by affecting planting density. Previous studies have shown that the gene is closely related to the formation of maize LA, but its specific mechanism has not been fully studied. In this study, phenotype investigation and transcriptomic sequencing were combined to explore the mechanism of LA changes in wild type maize B73 and mutant under exogenous auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment.

Simulation of particle deposition on solar photovoltaic panels based on a new critical capture velocity criterion.

Solar energy, as a clean energy source, is becoming increasingly important in the global energy mix. However, particle deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) panels can significantly reduce their power generation efficiency. In this study, the collision-deposition behaviour between silica particles and the surface of PV modules is investigated.

Argon non-thermal plasma treatment promotes the development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in saline alkali environments.

Soil salinization leads to a reduction in arable land area, which seriously endangers food security. Developing saline-alkali land has become a key measure to address the contradiction between population growth and limited arable land. Rice is the most important global food crop, feeding half of the world's population and making it a suitable choice for planting on saline-alkali lands.