Matrix first, minerals later: fine-tuned dietary phosphate increases bone formation in zebrafish.

Bone matrix formation and mineralization are two closely related, yet separated processes. Matrix formation occurs first, mineralization is a second step strictly dependent on the dietary intake of calcium and phosphorus (P). However, mineralization is commonly used as diagnostic parameter for bone-related diseases.

Lipid-associated macrophages reshape BAT cell identity in obesity.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes cause a loss in brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, but the molecular mechanisms that drive BAT cell remodeling remain largely unexplored. Using a multilayered approach, we comprehensively mapped a reorganization in BAT cells. We uncovered a subset of macrophages as lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs), which were massively increased in genetic and dietary model of BAT expansion.

Protocol for detecting mitochondria extracellular vesicles of brown adipose tissue in mice.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mitochondria rich, enabling high oxidative metabolism for non-shivering thermogenesis. The release of large/small extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing mitochondria or mitochondrial fragments, termed mito-EVs, may support mitochondrial quality control or intercellular communication. We present a protocol to isolate and characterize mito-EVs.

Infrared optical signature reveals the source-dependency and along-transport evolution of dust mineralogy as shown by laboratory study.

Advancing knowledge of the mineralogical composition of dust is key for understanding and predicting its climate and environmental impacts. The variability of dust mineralogy from one source to another and its evolution during atmospheric transport is not measured at large scale. In this study we use laboratory measurements to demonstrate that the extinction signature of suspended dust aerosols in the 740 - 1250 cm atmospheric window can be used to derive dust mineralogy in terms of the main infrared - active minerals, namely quartz, clays, feldspars and calcite.

Lipocalin-2 promotes adipose-macrophage interactions to shape peripheral and central inflammatory responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) plays a major role in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common immune-mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the etiology and progression of MS is still obscure. This study aimed at deciphering the responses of AT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the best characterized animal model of MS.

Distinguishing the Effects of Water Volumes versus Stocking Densities on the Skeletal Quality during the Pre-Ongrowing Phase of Gilthead Seabream ().

Gilthead seabream () production is a highly valued aquaculture industry in Europe. The presence of skeletal deformities in farmed gilthead seabream represents a major bottleneck for the industry leading to economic losses, negative impacts on the consumers' perception of aquaculture, and animal welfare issues for the fish. Although past work has primarily focused on the hatchery phase to reduce the incidence of skeletal anomalies, this work targets the successive pre-ongrowing phase in which more severe anomalies affecting the external shape often arise.

Localized Infections with Strains Defective in Zinc Uptake Reveal That Zebrafish Embryos Recapitulate Nutritional Immunity Responses of Higher Eukaryotes.

The innate immune responses of mammals to microbial infections include strategies based on manipulating the local concentration of metals such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), commonly described as nutritional immunity. To evaluate whether these strategies are also present in zebrafish embryos, we have conducted a series of heart cavity-localized infection experiments with strains characterized by a different ability to acquire Zn. We have found that, 48 h after infection, the bacterial strains lacking critical components of the Zn importers ZnuABC and ZrmABCD have a reduced colonization capacity compared to the wild-type strain.

Greenland Ice Core Record of Last Glacial Dust Sources and Atmospheric Circulation.

Abrupt and large-scale climate changes have occurred repeatedly and within decades during the last glaciation. These events, where dramatic warming occurs over decades, are well represented in both Greenland ice core mineral dust and temperature records, suggesting a causal link. However, the feedbacks between atmospheric dust and climate change during these Dansgaard-Oeschger events are poorly known and the processes driving changes in atmospheric dust emission and transport remain elusive.

A Baseline for Skeletal Investigations in Medaka (): The Effects of Rearing Density on the Postcranial Phenotype.

is increasingly used as a model in biomedical skeletal research. The standard approach is to generate genetic variants with particular skeletal phenotypes which resemble skeletal diseases in humans. The proper diagnosis of skeletal variation is key for this type of research.

Microtubule number and length determine cellular shape and function in Plasmodium.

Microtubules are cytoskeletal filaments essential for many cellular processes, including establishment and maintenance of polarity, intracellular transport, division and migration. In most metazoan cells, the number and length of microtubules are highly variable, while they can be precisely defined in some protozoan organisms. However, in either case the significance of these two key parameters for cells is not known.

Comparative effects of candesartan and enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension: the candesartan assessment in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy (CATCH) study.

Background: A limited number of studies have evaluated the effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIAs) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in comparison with other antihypertensive drugs, and no large study has compared AIIAs with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs).

Methods And Results: The CATCH (Candesartan Assessment in the Treatment of Cardiac Hypertrophy) study was a multicenter prospective randomized double-blind trial comparing the effects of candesartan cilexetil (8-16 mg once daily) and enalapril (10-20 mg once daily) with possible addition of hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg once daily) on echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (LVMI), in 239 hypertensives with LVH (LVMI 120 g/m2 in men and 100 g/m2 in women).