Assessment of intraocular lens tilt and decentration after femtosecond laser-assisted and conventional cataract surgery at 12 months and beyond.

Purpose: To compare long-term intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional surgery using swept-source anterior segment ocular coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT).

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, all patients underwent FLACS or conventional cataract surgery. Those with a minimum of 12-months follow-up since surgery were included.

Cysts and tumours of the iris: Diagnostic tools and key management considerations-A review.

The iris is a unique structure, with exquisite variations in colour and form. Pathological changes, specifically including iris cysts and tumours are relatively uncommon, difficult to diagnose, and yet potentially blinding or life-threatening. Based on a comprehensive literature review, with highly illustrated key case examples, this report aims to guide the clinician in filtering the differential diagnoses of iris cysts and tumours.

Greater traditionalism predicts COVID-19 precautionary behaviors across 27 societies.

People vary both in their embrace of their society's traditions, and in their perception of hazards as salient and necessitating a response. Over evolutionary time, traditions have offered avenues for addressing hazards, plausibly resulting in linkages between orientations toward tradition and orientations toward danger. Emerging research documents connections between traditionalism and threat responsivity, including pathogen-avoidance motivations.

Changing Trends in Corneal Transplantation in Aotearoa/New Zealand, 1991 to 2020: Effects of Population Growth, Cataract Surgery, Endothelial Keratoplasty, and Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify trends in the primary indication for keratoplasty in New Zealand/Aotearoa (NZ) after significant population growth, increase in the number of cataract surgeries per population, widespread adoption of endothelial keratoplasty, and introduction of corneal cross-linking for keratoconus.

Methods: Statistical analysis of the New Zealand National Eye Bank's prospective database of all keratoplasties was performed between January 1991 and January 2020. Indications for keratoplasty were isolated for the primary diagnosis.

Auckland Cataract Study IV: Practical application of NZCRS cataract risk stratification to reduce phacoemulsification complications.

Importance: Reduction of intraoperative complications in phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Background: To assess practicability of a risk stratification system, the New Zealand Cataract Risk Stratification (NZCRS) system, in a major teaching hospital service, without investigator oversight, to ascertain whether benefits identified in research studies are maintained in busy clinical practice.

Design: Prospective cohort study in a major public teaching hospital.

Auckland Cataract Study III: Refining Preoperative Assessment With Cataract Risk Stratification to Reduce Intraoperative Complications.

Purpose: To assess intraoperative complications of phacoemulsification surgery in public teaching hospital settings using modified preoperative risk stratification systems.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Preoperative risk stratification of 500 consecutive cataract cases using the New Zealand Cataract Risk Stratification (NZCRS) scoring system.

Mortality after endophthalmitis following contemporary phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Importance: To determine if endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is linked to increased mortality.

Background: Increased mortality has been linked to patients with cataract and cataract surgery. We tested the hypothesis that post-cataract endophthalmitis has a greater risk of death than pseudophakes who do not develop this complication.

The Auckland Cataract Study II: Reducing Complications by Preoperative Risk Stratification and Case Allocation in a Teaching Hospital.

Purpose: To assess the effect of preoperative risk stratification for phacoemulsification surgery on intraoperative complications in a teaching hospital.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Prospective assessment of consecutive phacoemulsification cases (N = 500) enabled calculation of a risk score (M-score of 0-8) using a risk stratification system.

Postoperative rotation of supplementary sulcus-supported toric intraocular lenses.

We describe 7 cases in which supplementary sulcus-based toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) rotated postoperatively, requiring surgical realignment. The initial rotation was identified clinically between 3 months and 36 months postoperatively. All eyes had keratoconus, with and without prior keratoplasty, and 6 had longer than average axial lengths.

Long-term survival following diabetic vitrectomy.

Aim: To update long-term survival data on patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods: Retrospective clinical record review at a single New Zealand tertiary referral centre. A total of 182 eyes that underwent a vitrectomy for a diabetic vitreous haemorrhage and/or tractional retinal detachment between March 2000 and December 2010 were included.

Auckland cataract study 2: clinical outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in a public teaching hospital.

Importance: A contemporary benchmark for the most common ophthalmic surgery.

Background: To assess patient characteristics and outcomes of contemporary phacoemulsification cataract surgery in a New Zealand public teaching hospital setting.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Analysis of acetabular orientation and femoral anteversion using images of three-dimensional reconstructed bone models.

Purpose: Radiographic measurements using two-dimensional (2D) plain radiographs or planes from computed tomography (CT) scans have several drawbacks, while measurements using images of three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed bone models can provide more consistent anthropometric information. We compared the consistency of results using measurements based on images of 3D reconstructed bone models (3D measurements) with those using planes from CT scans (measurements using 2D slice images).

Methods: Ninety-six of 561 patients who had undergone deep vein thrombosis-CT between January 2013 and November 2014 were randomly selected.

The Auckland Cataract Study: Assessing Preoperative Risk Stratification Systems for Phacoemulsification Surgery in a Teaching Hospital.

Purpose: To evaluate 2 preoperative risk stratification systems for assessing the risk of complications in phacoemulsification cataract surgery, performed by residents, fellows, and attending physicians in a public teaching hospital.

Design: Cohort study.

Methods: One observer assessed the clinical data of 500 consecutive cases, prior to phacoemulsification cataract surgery performed between April and June 2015 at Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.

New Zealand trends in corneal transplantation over the 25 years 1991-2015.

Aims: To report the 25-year longitudinal trends in indications and corneal transplantation techniques in New Zealand.

Methods: Statistical analysis of prospectively acquired New Zealand National Eye Bank (NZNEB) electronic database from 1991 to 2015 inclusive. Subjects were recipients of corneal transplants in 62 centres supplied by the NZNEB.

Natural history of corneal haze after corneal collagen crosslinking in keratoconus using Scheimpflug analysis.

Purpose: To analyze corneal haze after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus using Scheimpflug densitometry.

Setting: Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.

Design: Prospective randomized controlled study.

Annular Salzmann degeneration: Avoiding perturbations and pitfalls in phacoemulsification surgery.

Unlabelled: We highlight potential problems and pitfalls in cases of Salzmann nodular degeneration by reporting the case of an 84-year-old man with reduced visual acuity due to particularly extensive bilateral Salzmann nodules and moderate cataracts. Large annular Salzmann lesions were removed by superficial keratectomy in each eye. The reproducibility and accuracy of keratometry and biometry improved significantly, and uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery was performed 4 weeks after the keratectomy.

Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project.

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years.

Contemporary Treatment Paradigms in Keratoconus.

The past 20 years have witnessed an explosion in our knowledge of keratoconus, accompanied by a radical transformation of management options. A 2-hit hypothesis proposes an underlying genetic predisposition coupled with external environmental factors, including eye rubbing and atopy. The variable prevalence and natural history have been better defined including significant cone progression in middle age.

The effect of working memory capacity on conflict monitoring.

The conflict adaptation effect, a reduced interference effect upon the detection of a conflict signal (e.g., following an incongruent trial), has been interpreted as evidence for active regulation of top-down cognitive control.