Bone-strengthening effects and safety of compound peptides from skin of and .

Fish processing produces a lot of by-products highly containing large amount of proteins which mainly consist of collagen, implying great potential value for application as nutraceutical ingredients. In present study, two kinds of sharks, and , were used as raw material to gain three kinds of "compound peptides" (CPs) by enzymolysis, FCP (CPs from the flesh of ), SCP (CPs from the skin of ), and SMG (CPs from the skin of ). According to a series of constituent analysis, the molecule weights of FCP, SCP, and SMG were under 800 Da; amino acids composition analysis of FCP, SCP, and SMG showed that there were high glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline and low cysteine contents in SCP and SMG, which is the characteristic of collagen peptides; their total protein contents were 87.

Stimulatory effect of Echinacea purpurea extract on the trafficking activity of mouse dendritic cells: revealed by genomic and proteomic analyses.

Background: Several Echinacea species have been used as nutraceuticals or botanical drugs for "immunostimulation", but scientific evidence supporting their therapeutic use is still controversial. In this study, a phytocompound mixture extracted from the butanol fraction (BF) of a stem and leaf (S+L) extract of E. purpurea ([BF/S+L/Ep]) containing stringently defined bioactive phytocompounds was obtained using standardized and published procedures.