A novel partitivirus conferring hypovirulence by affecting vesicle transport in the fungus .

spp. are economically important phytopathogenic fungi that cause anthracnose in a variety of plant species worldwide. Hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses provide new options for the biological control of plant fungal diseases.

Novel and diverse mycoviruses co-infecting a single strain of the phytopathogenic fungus .

is a pathogenic fungus that causes serious leaf or flower blight on some medicinal plants worldwide. In this study, multiple dsRNA bands in the range of 1.2-10 kbp were found in a strain HNSZ-1, and eleven full-length cDNA sequences of these dsRNA were obtained by high-throughput sequencing, RT-PCR detection and conventional Sanger sequencing.

A novel mycovirus isolated from the plant-pathogenic fungus Alternaria dianthicola.

Here, we describe the molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus isolated from a phytopathogenic fungus, Alternaria dianthicola, which we have named "Alternaria dianthicola dsRNA virus 1" (AdRV1). AdRV1 has a genome of 3,014 bp that contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and 2) coding for a hypothetical protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. Based on the RdRp, AdRV1 is phylogenetically related to some unclassified dsRNA mycoviruses, including Alternaria longipes dsRNA virus 1, and shows a distant relationship to members of the family Partitiviridae.

Characterization of a Novel Ourmia-Like Mycovirus Infecting and Implications for Viral Diversity and Evolution.

Here, the molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus that was isolated from a phytopathogenic fungus and designed as ourmia-like virus 4 (MOLV4) is reported. MOLV4 has a genome that is 2497 bp long and possesses a single open reading frame (ORF), which encodes the product RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Sequence similarities were found between the MOLV4 encoded RdRp and the counterparts of a few previously reported ourmia-like mycoviruses.

A Victorivirus and Two Novel Mitoviruses Co-Infected the Plant Pathogen .

Three dsRNAs, in sizes of approximately 2.5⁻5 kbp, were detected in the plant pathogenic fungus strain CS-7.5-4.

Diverse, Novel Mycoviruses From the Virome of a Hypovirulent Strain.

, which causes southern blight in a wide variety of crops, is a devastating plant pathogen worldwide. Mycoviruses that induce hypovirulence in phytopathogenic fungi are potential biological control resources against fungal plant diseases. However, in , mycoviruses are rarely reported.

Molecular characterization of a putative gammapartitivirus in the phytopathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae.

We report the molecular attributes of a novel bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, designated "Nigrospora oryzae partitivirus 1" (NoPV1), from a phytopathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae. The genome of NoPV1 contains two dsRNA segments (dsRNA1 and 2), 1875 bp and 1601 bp in length, respectively. dsRNA1 and -2 both have a single open reading frame encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and coat protein, respectively.

A mitovirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola.

Alternaria brassicicola is one of the causal agents of alternaria blackspot in rapeseed. In this study, a dsRNA segment was isolated and sequenced from the fungus. The complete nucleotide sequence of the dsRNA was 2506 bp in length and, using the fungal mitochondrial genetic code, was predicted to contain a single large open reading frame (ORF) in the positive strand.

Mycoviruses in the Plant Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens Are Not Correlated with the Genetic Backgrounds of Its Hosts.

, the causal agent of rice false smut, is one of the most devastating grain diseases that causes loss of yield in most rice-growing areas worldwide. In this study, we performed a dsRNA screen to isolate mycoviruses from 35 strains. The results revealed that 34 of the tested isolates were infected by various dsRNA elements, displaying highly viral diversity and mixed infections.

A novel fusarivirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae.

In this study, we report the discovery and molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus, Nigrospora oryzae fusarivirus 1 (NoFV1) isolated from the rice-infecting fungus Nigrospora oryzae. Excluding a poly (A) tail, the genome of the virus is 7004 nucleotide (nt) long containing three putative nonoverlapping open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3). The large ORF1 encodes a polypeptide with a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain and a helicase domain that functions for RNA replication.

Molecular Characterization of a Trisegmented Mycovirus from the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

A novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus, consisting of three dsRNA genome segments and possibly belonging to the family , was isolated from the filamentous phytopathogenic fungus and designated as Colletotrichum gloeosprioides chrysovirus 1 (CgCV1). The three dsRNAs of the CgCV1 genome with lengths of 3397, 2869, and 2630 bp (dsRNAs1-3) were found to contain a single open reading frame (ORF) putatively encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a capsid protein, and a protease, respectively, all of which exhibited some degree of sequence similarity to the comparable putative proteins encoded by the genus . The 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions in each dsRNA segment contained similar sequences that were strictly conserved at the termini.

Molecular identification of a novel victorivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae.

Nigrospora oryzae is a worldwide phytopathogenic fungus that can infect many plant host species. In this study, complete sequence of a novel mycovirus from N. oryzae was reported.

Characterization of a novel single-stranded RNA virus, closely related to fusariviruses, infecting the plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola.

The alternaria blackspot of rapeseed is one of the most prominent diseases of rapeseed. It is caused by three species of the genus Alternaria: Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria brassicae, and Alternaria raphanin. Here we report a novel positive-sense RNA virus from an A.

A novel single-stranded RNA virus isolated from the rice-pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae with similarity to members of the family Tombusviridae.

Here, we report a novel virus isolated from rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, an important plant pathogen. This virus has an RNA genome of 3246 nucleotides. Its genome possesses two in-frame open reading frames (ORFs).

A novel nonsegmented double-stranded RNA mycovirus identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae shows similarity to partitivirus-like viruses.

Nigrospora oryzae is a pathogen that can infect plants of various species. Here, we report the isolation of a novel mycovirus from N. oryzae infecting rice, as well as the complete genome sequence and genomic organization of this virus, which we have named "Nigrospora oryzae nonsegmented RNA virus 1" (NoNRV1).

Genome sequence of a novel mycovirus of Rhizoctonia solani, a plant pathogenic fungus.

Here we present the genome sequence of a novel dsRNA virus we designed as Rhizoctonia solani RNA virus HN008 (RsRV-HN008) from a filamentous fungus R. solani. Its genome (7596 nucleotides) contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2).

A novel mycovirus identified from the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens.

The complete sequence of a novel mycovirus infecting Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of false smut of rice, is reported here and designated as Ustilaginoidea virens unassigned RNA virus HNND-1 (UvURV-HNND-1). This virus has an undivided dsRNA genome of 2903 nt in length and contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and 2), with the small ORF1 encoding a protein of unknown function that showed sequence similarity to the comparable protein in virus Alternaria longipes dsRNA virus 1(AlRV1) and a larger ORF2 encoded the protein showing identities to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of AlRV1 and some other unassigned dsRNA viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that UvURV-HNND-1 is more closely related to unclassified viruses such as AlRV1 and distinct from distantly related members of the family Partitiviridae.

Genome sequence of a novel endornavirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola.

In an effort to discover new mycoviruses from phytopathogenic fungi, a dsRNA molecule of 10,290 nt, resembling those associated with the viruses belonging to the family Endornaviridae, was isolated from Alternaria brassicicola, one of the causal agents of rapeseed black spot disease. Genome analysis revealed the presence of a single open reading frame coding for a polyprotein of 3400 aa containing conserved viral methyltransferase (MTR), viral RNA helicase 1 (Hel-1), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. In addition, a cysteine-rich region (CRR) with conserved CXCC motifs, shared among several endornaviruses, was also identified between the MTR and Hel-1 domains.

The complete nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of a novel victorivirus with two non-overlapping ORFs, identified in the plant-pathogenic fungus Phomopsis vexans.

In this study, a novel virus designated Phomopsis vexans RNA virus 1 (PvRV1) was identified in a strain of Phomopsis vexans. The complete genomic nucleotide sequence was determined and analyzed. Sequence analysis indicated that PvRV1 is closely related to viruses in the genus Victorivirus of the family Totiviridae.

Detection and characterization of a novel Gammapartitivirus in the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum strain HNZJ001.

Spherical virus-like particles about 40nm in diameter were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and two dsRNA bands (dsRNA-1 and dsRNA-2) were detected on agarose gel after extraction from the mycelial preparation of a Colletotrichum acutatum strain HNZJ001 that isolated from an anthracnose lesion on immature pepper fruit. The complete nucleotide sequences of the dsRNAs were determined. DsRNA-1 (1762 nt) and dsRNA-2 (1381 nt) each contained a single open reading frame and potentially encoded 62 kDa and 40 kDa proteins, respectively.

Detection and sequence analysis of two novel co-infecting double-strand RNA mycoviruses in Ustilaginoidea virens.

Four novel double-stranded RNA molecules, named dsRNA 1 (5124 bp), dsRNA 2(1711 bp), dsRNA 3 (1423 bp) and dsRNA 4 (855 bp), were detected in strain HNHS-1 of Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut disease. Sequence analysis showed that the dsRNA1 contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORF) potentially encoding proteins with modest levels of sequence similarity to the coat protein (CP) and putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively, of viruses of the family Totiviridae. The deduced gene product of the ORF encoded by dsRNA2 is homologous to putative RdRp of viruses in the family Partitiviridae; the ORF encoded by dsRNA3 shares some similarity to a hypothetical protein with unknown function.

Complete genome sequence and organization of a novel virus from the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens.

In this study, three dsRNA segments from the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of a serious disease in rice, with molecular size ranging from 1.3 to 5 Kb, were isolated and named as dsRNA-L, dsRNA-M, and dsRNA-S. The complete nucleotide sequences of dsRNA-M and dsRNA-S were determined and analyzed.

Transcription factor WRKY70 displays important but no indispensable roles in jasmonate and salicylic acid signaling.

The transcription factor WRKY70 was previously reported to be a common component in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) mediated signal pathways in Arabidopsis. Here, we present that the inactivation of the WRKY70 gene in wrky70-1 mutant does not alter the responses of both JA and SA, and that wrky70 mutation is unable to restore the coi1 mutant in JA responses. However, overexpression of WRKY70 reduces JA responses such as expression of JA-induced genes and JA-inhibitory root growth, and activates expression of SA-inducible PR1.

[Cloning and expression of the cry1Ac-tchiB fusion gene from Bacillus thuringinesis and Tobacco and its insecticidal synergistic effect].

A new fusion gene cry1Ac-tchiB was constructed to enhance the toxicity of crystal proteins, the cry1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis strain 4.0718 was combined with a tchiB (deleted signal peptide and Enterokinase site sequence). In this process, the Enterokinase site sequence was inserted into the midst of these two genes.