Synthesis, characterization and antitumor mechanism investigation of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with artesunate moiety.

Six artesunate (ART) conjugated ruthenium(II) complexes (Ru(II)-ART conjugates) with the formula [Ru(N^N)bpy(4-CH-4'-CHOART)](PF) (Ru-ART-1-3) and [Ru(N^N)bpy(4-CHOART-4'-CHOART)](PF) (Ru-ART-4-6) (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in Ru-ART-1 and Ru-ART-4), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru-ART-2 and Ru-ART-5) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6)), were synthesized and characterized. Among them, Ru-ART-1-3 and Ru-ART-4-6 carry one and two ART moieties, respectively. Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6 exhibit better cytotoxicity among six Ru(II)-ART conjugates.

Phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes conjugated with artesunate: Mitochondrial targeting and apoptosis-ferroptosis dual induction.

Cell death is essential for cancer, which can be induced through multiple mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a newly emerging form of non-apoptotic cell death, involves the generation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we designed and synthesized two artesunate (ART) conjugated phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes (Re(I)-ART conjugates), [Re(N^N)(CO)(PyCHOART)](PF) (Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2) (Py = pyridine, N^N = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Re-ART-1) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Re-ART-2)) that can specifically locate in the mitochondria of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa).

Mitochondria-targeted artesunate conjugated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as potent anti-HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma agents.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a serious threat to people's health worldwide. Artesunate (ART), one of the classical antimalarial drugs, has recently been shown to exert significant cytotoxicity in various cancers, but its bioavailability is low. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes have emerged as a promising class of anticancer therapeutic agents.

Retinoid X receptor alpha participation in dexamethasone-induced rat bile acid coenzyme A-amino acid N-acyltransferase expression in septic liver.

Unlabelled: To test the hypothesis that dexamethasone (Dex) treatment would restore rat hepatic bile acid coenzyme A-amino acid N-acyltransferase (rBAT) expression in septic rats after cecal ligation and puncture by increasing expression of retinoic acid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), we assessed survival rate and bile and bile salt concentration in the Dex-treated septic group and compared these results with those for a nontreated septic group, a Dex-treated nonseptic group, and a sham group. Dexamethasone treatment (0.01 mg/kg) significantly improved the survival rate and increased the bile and bile salt concentration in the bile ducts of septic rats (P = <0.