Altruism, an attitude of unselfish concern for others - an analytical cross sectional study among the Medical and Engineering students in Bangalore.

Introduction: Altruism is disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others. Intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any external reward. With the background of increasing mistrust between the medical profession, media, and the public and increasing incidents of violence against doctors in India, there is a growing feeling that altruism in medicine, if not dying is at least declining.

Epigenetic response in mice mastitis: Role of histone H3 acetylation and microRNA(s) in the regulation of host inflammatory gene expression during Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Background: There is renewed interest towards understanding the host-pathogen interaction in the light of epigenetic modifications. Although epithelial tissue is the major site for host-pathogen interactions, there is handful of studies to show how epithelial cells respond to pathogens. Bacterial infection in the mammary gland parenchyma induces local and subsequently systemic inflammation that results in a complex disease called mastitis.

Construction of spherical liposome on solid transducers for electrochemical DNA sensing and transfection.

Cationic 1,2-dioleoyl trimethyl ammonium propane (DOTAP) and neutral 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) are anchored on cysteamine (cyst), mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) monolayer (thiol monolayers) modified on an individual gold transducer. DOTAP and DOPE are mixed with gold nanoparticle (AuNP) to form spherical liposome-AuNP. The electrochemical behaviors of the surface attached DOTAP-AuNP and DOPE-AuNP in presence of [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) depend on the method of layer formation.

Sandwiching spherical 1,2-dioleoyltrimethylammoniumpropane liposome in gold nanoparticle on solid transducer for electrochemical ultrasensitive DNA detection and transfection.

Cationic N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) liposome is spherically sandwiched in gold nanoparticle (abbreviated as sDOTAP-AuNP) onto a gold electrode surface. The sDOTAP-AuNP is applied for electrochemical label free DNA sensing and Escherichia coli cell transfection for the first time. Complementary target (named as hybridized), non-complementary target (un-hybridized) and single base mismatch target (named as SMM) hybridized surfaces are discriminated sensitively and selectively in presence of [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-).

Tethering of spherical DOTAP liposome gold nanoparticles on cysteamine monolayer for sensitive label free electrochemical detection of DNA and transfection.

Construction of spherical liposomes is critical for developing tools for targeted gene and drug delivery applications in biotechnology and medicine, however, it has been demonstrated only in solution phase until now. Spherical liposome tethering on pristine thiol monolayer on gold transducer and its application to label free DNA sensing and transfection has rarely been reported. Here, we report tethering of spherical 1,2-dioleoyltrimethylammoniumpropane liposome-gold nanoparticle (DOTAP-AuNP) on amine terminated monolayer by simple electrostatic interaction on gold transducer for the first time.

Staphylococcus aureus spa type t267, clonal ancestor of bovine subclinical mastitis in India.

Aim: To evaluate the virulence determinants and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine subclinical mastitis milk.

Methods And Results: PCR detection of virulence genes was performed for 173 Staph. aureus from bovine subclinical mastitis milk.

Gold surface supported spherical liposome-gold nano-particle nano-composite for label free DNA sensing.

Immobilization of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) liposome-gold nano-particle (DOPE-AuNP) nano-composite covalently on 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) on gold surface is demonstrated for the first time for electrochemical label free DNA sensing. Spherical nature of the DOPE on the MPA monolayer is confirmed by the appearance of sigmoidal voltammetric profile, characteristic behavior of linear diffusion, for the MPA-DOPE in presence of [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) and [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) redox probes. The DOPE liposome vesicle fusion is prevented by electroless deposition of AuNP on the hydrophilic amine head groups of the DOPE.

Molecular characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine milk.

Streptococci are one among the major mastitis pathogens which have a considerable impact on cow health, milk quality, and productivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and virulence characteristics of streptococci from bovine milk and to assess the molecular epidemiology and population structure of the Indian isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of a total of 209 bovine composite milk samples screened from four herds (A-D), 30 Streptococcus spp.

Histone H3K14 and H4K8 hyperacetylation is associated with Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in mice.

Mastitis is a multietiological complex disease, defined as inflammation of parenchyma of mammary glands. Bacterial infection is the predominant cause of mastitis, though fungal, viral and mycoplasma infections also have been reported. Based on the severity of the disease, mastitis can be classified into subclinical, clinical and chronic forms.

Multiplex PCR assay for species identification of bovine mastitis pathogens.

Aim: To develop and evaluate a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for simultaneous detection of 10 bacterial species causing bovine mastitis namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus simulans, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli in milk.

Methods And Results: A two-tube mPCR assay was developed. The accuracy of the mPCR was evaluated using 56 standard reference strains and 705 strains comprising of E.