G6PD trait: societal importance to ensure well-being of female heterozygotes for health and childbirth.

Neonatal G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) prevalence explains its recent recognition as a major contributory cause of extreme hyperbilirubinemia (EHB). Disparate global EHB burden reveals comparative racial prevalence of leading conditions, Rh negativity and G6PDd: 15-17% vs. < 5% in Caucasians, 4 to 8% vs.

Phototherapy to Prevent Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation: Technical Report.

Objective: To summarize the principles and application of phototherapy consistent with the current 2022 American Academy of Pediatrics "Clinical Practice Guideline Revision for the Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation."

Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed regarding phototherapy devices in the United States, specifically those that incorporate blue to blue-green light-emitting diode, fluorescent, halogen, or fiberoptic light sources, and their currently marketed indications.

Results: The efficacy of phototherapy devices varies widely because of nonstandardized use of light sources and configurations and irradiance meters.

Managing the Historic Burden of Kernicterus Mortality in India.

Prevention of neonatal bilirubin injury exemplifies success of systems approach to avert adverse neonatal and childhood outcomes that rely on strategies including prenatal identification of Rhesus sensitization, universal maternal blood typing, risk assessment for neonatal extreme hyperbilirubinemia (EHB), unfettered access to safe, effective phototherapy, and application of patient safety principles. India's diverse landscape suggests varied real-time experiences of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and consequent infant mortality rates (IMR). Utilizing Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, the authors examined national and subnational trends, infant mortality timing, and the disease burden from hemolytic and perinatal jaundice over 30 y (1999 to 2019).

Implementation of Universal Screening for G6PD Deficiency in Newborns.

We describe the implementation of universal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) screening during the first year of New York State mandated testing, as well as operational challenges and clinical knowledge gained. All infants born at or transferred to our center between June 21, 2022 and June 30, 2023, underwent testing for G6PD enzyme deficiency and were included in the study cohort. Infant blood samples were collected and sent to a reference laboratory for quantitative assay.

Transcutaneous bilirubinometry for detecting jaundice in term or late preterm neonates.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Paediatric Society both advise that all newborns should undergo bilirubin screening before leaving the hospital, and this has become the standard practice in both countries. However, the US Preventive Task Force has found no strong evidence to suggest that this practice of universal screening for bilirubin reduces the occurrence of significant outcomes such as bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction or kernicterus.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous screening compared to visual inspection for hyperbilirubinemia to prevent the readmission of newborns (infants greater than 35 weeks' gestation) for phototherapy.

Advances to diminish global newborn kernicterus mortality.

Objective: Initiatives, "Every Newborn Action Plans" and "Sustainable Developmental Goals," are profoundly shaping global infant mortality trends. Concurrently, professional organizations recommended curricula to prevent extreme hyperbilirubinemia (EHB) sequelae. Therefore we assessed if these efforts have successfully decreased EHB-related mortality over time.

A "Gold Standard" Test for Diagnosing and Quantifying Hemolysis in Neonates and Infants.

Identifying "gold standard" diagnostic tests can promote evidence-based neonatology practice. Hemolysis is a pathological shortening of the erythrocyte lifespan, differing from erythrocyte senescence in responsible mechanisms and clinical implications. Diagnosing hemolysis goes beyond a binary (yes vs.

CB1R blockade unmasks TRPV1-mediated contextual fear generalization in female, but not male rats.

Increasing evidence suggests that the neurobiological processes that govern learning and memory can be different in males and females, but many of the specific mechanisms underlying these sex differences have not been fully defined. Here we investigated potential sex differences in endocannabinoid (eCB) modulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction, examining multiple defensive behaviors, including shock responsivity, conditioned freezing, and conditioned darting. We found that while systemic administration of drugs acting on eCB receptors did not influence the occurrence of darting, females that were classified as Darters responded differently to the drug administration than those classified as Non-darters.

Transcutaneous bilirubinometry versus total serum bilirubin measurement for newborns.

Background: Jaundice is a very common condition in newborns, affecting up to 60% of term newborns and 80% of preterm newborns in the first week of life. Jaundice is caused by increased bilirubin in the blood from the breakdown of red blood cells. The gold standard for measuring bilirubin levels is obtaining a blood sample and processing it in a laboratory.

Georacial Epidemiological Estimates of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Newborns in the United States.

Objective: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common inherited enzyme deficiency disorder worldwide and a major risk factor for the development of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Racial diversity of phenotypes and genotypes in affected individuals is likely to exist in the United States because of changing population demographics. The aim of the present study was to predict an empirical estimate of annual prevalence of G6PDd in newborns adjusted for geography (state of birth), maternal racial identity, and sex of the infant.

CB1R blockade unmasks TRPV1-mediated contextual fear generalization in female, but not male rats.

Increasing evidence suggests that the neurobiological processes that govern learning and memory can be different in males and females, and here we asked specifically whether the endocannabinoid (eCB) system could modulate Pavlovian fear conditioning in a sex-dependent manner. Systemic (i.p.

Vitamin derivatives as potential drugs for Influenza Hemagglutinin.

The objective of the study was to identify potential inhibitors of Influenza surface Hemagglutinin (HA), which plays key role in the entry and replication of Influenza virus into the host cell. As ligands, seven vitamins and their derivatives were selected after initial screening based on their metabolizable capacity with no reported side effects, for studies. Docking, and Post docking analysis (X Score and Ligplot+) were performed against nine Influenza HA targets for the vitamins and its derivatives.

Chemoprevention of bilirubin encephalopathy with a nanoceutical agent.

Background: Targeted rapid degradation of bilirubin has the potential to thwart incipient bilirubin encephalopathy. We investigated a novel spinel-structured citrate-functionalized trimanganese tetroxide nanoparticle (C-MnO NP, the nanodrug) to degrade both systemic and neural bilirubin loads.

Method: Severe neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (SNH) was induced in neonatal C57BL/6j mice model with phenylhydrazine (PHz) intoxication.

Hour-Specific Total Serum Bilirubin Percentiles for Infants Born at 29-35 Weeks' Gestation.

Introduction: As preterm infants are susceptible to hyperbilirubinemia, they require frequent close monitoring. Prior to initiation of phototherapy, hour-specific total serum bilirubin (TSB) percentile cut-points are lacking in these infants, which led to the current study.

Methods: A multi-site retrospective cohort study of preterm infants born between January 2013 and June 2017 was completed at 3 NICUs in Ontario, Canada.

A New Hour-Specific Serum Bilirubin Nomogram for Neonates ≥35 Weeks of Gestation.

Objective: To develop a statistically rigorous, hour-specific bilirubin nomogram for newborns based on a very large data set; and use it prospectively as a replacement for the 1999 Bhutani nomogram.

Study Design: This was a retrospective analysis of first total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements from 15 years of universal bilirubin screening during birth hospitalizations at 20 Intermountain Healthcare hospitals. Hour-specific TSB values were assembled into a nomogram by percentile, and subgroups were compared.