Bacteriophages Mediating Effective Elimination of Multidrug-Resistant Avian Pathogenic .

Background: Avian pathogenic (APEC) causes colibacillosis and septicemia; in certain cases, mortality leads to economic losses and elicits potential foodborne zoonotic risk. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of APEC pathotypes and serotypes in poultry, followed by characterization for virulence markers and antibiotic sensitivity and analysis of lytic efficacy of bacteriophages in the eradication of APEC.

Methods: We successfully isolated and characterized 34 isolates from poultry farms.

Percent positivity and phylogenetic analysis of and in commercial poultry from the different States of India.

Background And Aim: The Indian and global poultry industries suffer significant economic losses due to (MG) and (MS) infections, which adversely affect egg production, hatchability, weight gain, and feed efficiency in farms, thus decreasing the overall production efficiency. This study aimed to determine the percent positivity and phylogenetic analysis of MG, MS, and co-infection of both mycoplasmas in commercial poultry farms across different states of India from 2017 to 2021.

Materials And Methods: A total of 3620 tracheal or choacal swabs were collected from breeder and layer farms showing clinical signs of avian mycoplasma infections from commercial poultry farms across India, and the percent positivity for MG, MS, and co-infection of both mycoplasmas were determined by Polymerase chain reaction using the A and genes amplification, respectively.

Rbp95 binds to 25S rRNA helix H95 and cooperates with the Npa1 complex during early pre-60S particle maturation.

Eukaryotic ribosome synthesis involves more than 200 assembly factors, which promote ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing, modification and folding, and assembly of ribosomal proteins. The formation and maturation of the earliest pre-60S particles requires structural remodeling by the Npa1 complex, but is otherwise still poorly understood. Here, we introduce Rbp95 (Ycr016w), a constituent of early pre-60S particles, as a novel ribosome assembly factor.

Fic Proteins of subsp. Form a Network of Functional Toxin-Antitoxin Systems.

Enzymes containing the FIC (filamentation induced by cyclic AMP) domain catalyze post-translational modifications of target proteins. In bacteria the activity of some Fic proteins resembles classical toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. An excess of toxin over neutralizing antitoxin can enable bacteria to survive some stress conditions by slowing metabolic processes and promoting dormancy.

An in vivo and in vitro investigation of the effect of Aloe vera gel ethanolic extract using animal model with diabetic foot ulcer.

Aim: To examine the preventive effect of Aloe vera gel ethanolic extract using diabetic foot ulcer (DFUs) protocol in Wistar rats.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into untreated control (Group I), untreated DFUs (Group II), DFUs treated with A. vera gel ethanolic extract (Group III), DFUs treated with topical A.

Therapeutic potential of agomelatine in epilepsy and epileptic complications.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder which often induces numerous adverse long-term neurologic effects, such as behavioral and cognitive deficits, increased predisposition to additional seizures, and cell injury or death. Cognitive dysfunction, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are some of the highly prevalent and most disabling complications of epilepsy. The mechanisms that lead to the generation of epileptic comorbidities are poorly understood.

Effects of agomelatine in a murine model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: interaction with meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, bicuculline, and diazepam.

The anticompulsive potential of agomelatine, a potent MT1/2 receptor agonist, and its combined effect with m-chlorophenylpiperazine hydrochloride (mCPP), bicuculline, and diazepam, were investigated in male C57BLJ/6 mice using marble-burying behavior (MBB) test. Acute administration of agomelatine (30-40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.

Effects of naringenin on allodynia and hyperalgesia in rats with chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain.

Objective: To study the analgesic effects of naringenin on chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain.

Methods: After inducing of neuropathic pain by CCI, treatment with 25 and 50 mg/kg of naringenin and 10 mg/kg of pregabalin was given. Rats were evaluated for behavioral tests using Hargreaves apparatus for thermal hyperalgesia, pin prick test for tactile mechanical hyperalgesia and cold water-induced allodynia on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21.

Participation of antioxidant and cholinergic system in protective effect of naringenin against type-2 diabetes-induced memory dysfunction in rats.

Naringenin is a flavone flavonoid possessing antidiabetic, antioxidant and memory improving effects. Therefore, we studied the influence of naringenin against type-2 diabetes-induced memory dysfunction in rats. Type-2 diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and high-fat emulsion for two weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg).

Differential effects of acute morphine, and chronic morphine-withdrawal on obsessive-compulsive behavior: inhibitory influence of CRF receptor antagonists on chronic morphine-withdrawal.

Recent studies have provided convincing evidences for co-morbidity between opioid addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and the involvement of the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the effects of morphine-withdrawal. Some scanty evidences also point towards the role of CRF in OCD and related disorders. But, no evidence indicated the role of CRF in morphine withdrawal associated obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB).

Possible therapeutic potential of berberine in diabetic osteopathy.

Diabetic osteopathy is a complication that leads to decreased bone mineral density, bone formation and having high risk of fractures that heals slowly. Diabetic osteopathy is a result of increase in osteoclastogenesis and decrease in osteoblastogenesis. Various factors viz.

Cilnidipine, an L/N-type calcium channel blocker prevents acquisition and expression of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice.

Several evidences indicated the involvement of L- and N-type calcium channels in behavioral effects of drugs of abuse, including ethanol. Calcium channels are implicated in ethanol-induced behaviors and neurochemical responses. Calcium channel antagonists block the psychostimulants induced behavioral sensitization.

Agmatine, an endogenous ligand of imidazoline receptor protects against memory impairment and biochemical alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Agmatine, a polycationic amine synthesized via decarboxylation of l-arginine by arginine decarboxylase is reported to exhibit anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and memory enhancing effects. Therefore, we tested its influence against cognitive dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using Morris water maze and object recognition paradigm. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels as parameters of oxidative stress and choline esterase (ChE) activity as a marker of cholinergic function were assessed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

Acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in mice: effects of exposure to stress and modulation by mecamylamine.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate some of the rewarding and motivational effects of ethanol, including relapses. Relapses are common in drug addicts during abstinence when exposure to any stressor ensues. However, the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the ethanol- and stress-induced reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference has not yet been explored.

Influence of sigma-1 receptor modulators on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in the extinction-reinstatement model.

Sigma-1 receptor agonists are reported to augment and antagonists block the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. However, their effect on reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) has not yet been explored. Therefore, we investigated the ability of 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate (PRE-084), a sigma-1 receptor agonist, and N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino) ethylamine dihydrobromide (BD-1047), a sigma-1 receptor antagonist, on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP using adult male Swiss mice.

Protection of cholinergic and antioxidant system contributes to the effect of berberine ameliorating memory dysfunction in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Memory impairment induced by streptozotocin in rats is a consequence of changes in CNS that are secondary to chronic hyperglycemia, impaired oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and changes in glucagon-like peptide (GLP). Treatment with antihyperglycemics, antioxidants, and cholinergic agonists are reported to produce beneficial effect in this model. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid is reported to exhibit anti-diabetic and antioxidant effect, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and increases GLP release.

Berberine protects C57BL/6J mice against ethanol withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability.

Berberine ([C20H18NO4](+) ), one of the major constituents of the Chinese herb Rhizoma coptidis, is an isoquinoline alkaloid. Plethora of recent reports has indicated its ability to modulate several neurotransmitter systems, especially those implicated in ethanol dependence. Thus, the influence of berberine treatment on the development and expression of ethanol dependence was tested by using the ethanol withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability paradigm.

Inhibitory effect of berberine on the motivational effects of ethanol in mice.

It is believed that drug-induced rewarding effects play an important role in the development of substance dependence. Recently, berberine was reported to inhibit the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse such as cocaine, morphine, and nicotine. Berberine is also demonstrated to modulate the activity of several neurotransmitter systems like, dopamine, nitric oxide, serotonin, and NMDA, which are implicated in rewarding effects of ethanol.

Anticonvulsant activity of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid in mice.

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid is reported to modulate several neurotransmitter systems like N-methyl-D-aspartate, nitric oxide and serotonin, which modulate convulsions. In addition, it is suggested that Berberis vulgaris may be useful in treatment of convulsion and epilepsy. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of berberine in pentylenetetrazole, maximal electroshock (MES) and kainic acid (KA)-induced convulsions.

Ameliorative effect of quercetin on memory dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction is a consequence of changes within the central nervous system that are secondary to chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction, and probably therefore anti-diabetics, anti-oxidants, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors were found to have beneficial effects in animal models. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid widely distributed in the plants is reported to be a potent anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, AChE inhibitor, and memory enhancer. Therefore, we screened its influence against diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using Morris water and elevated plus maze (EPM) paradigms.

Inhibitory influence of mecamylamine on the development and the expression of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice.

Several evidences have indicated the involvement of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in behavioral effects of drugs of abuse, including ethanol. nAChRs are implicated in ethanol-induced behaviors as well as neurochemical responses to ethanol. Recently, it is demonstrated that mecamylamine, a nAChR antagonist blocks cocaine-, d-amphetamine-, ephedrine-, nicotine-, and methylphenidate-induced psychomotor sensitization.

Reversal by quercetin of corticotrophin releasing factor induced anxiety- and depression-like effect in mice.

Quercetin is a bioflavonoid reported to produce variety of behavioral effects like anxiolytic, antidepressant, etc. Recent gathering evidences indicated that quercetin attenuates stress-induced behavioral and biochemical effects. It also decreases CRF expression in the brain.

Inhibitory influence of mecamylamine on ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms in C57BL/6J mice.

Several reports show the involvement of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the behavioral effects of ethanol, including ethanol drinking and relapse. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of mecamylamine, a nAChR antagonist, on ethanol withdrawal signs. Ethanol dependence was induced in C57BL/6J mice by ethanol liquid diet administration.

Role of nitric oxide in obsessive-compulsive behavior and its involvement in the anti-compulsive effect of paroxetine in mice.

In view of the reports that nitric oxide modulates the neurotransmitters implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder exhibit higher plasma nitrate levels, and drugs useful in obsessive-compulsive disorder influence nitric oxide, we hypothesized that nitric oxide may have some role in obsessive-compulsive behavior. We used marble-burying behavior of mice as the animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and nitric oxide levels in brain homogenate were measured using amperometric nitric oxide-selective sensor method. Intraperitoneal administration of nitric oxide enhancers viz.

The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, blocks the development and expression of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice.

Manipulation of the serotonergic system has been shown to alter ethanol sensitization. Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, reported to attenuate cocaine and methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization, but no reports are available on its role in ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization. Therefore, an attempt has been made to assess this issue by using an earlier used animal model of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization.