Arabidopsis class II TPS controls root development and confers salt stress tolerance through enhanced hydrophobic barrier deposition.

The mechanism of conferring salt tolerance by AtTPS9 involves enhanced deposition of suberin lamellae in the Arabidopsis root endodermis, resulting in reduction of Na transported to the leaves. Members of the class I trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) enzymes are known to play an important role in plant growth and development in Arabidopsis. However, class II TPSs and their functions in salinity stress tolerance are not well studied.

Deciphering the Nexus Between Oxidative Stress and Spermatogenesis: A Compendious Overview.

Oxidative stress (OS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the main reasons for the multifactorial concern - male infertility. ROS are active components of cellular metabolism that are intrinsic to cellular functioning and are present at minimal and unreactive levels in normal cells. They are an integral component of the sperm developmental physiology, capacitation, and function.

Systems-based rice improvement approaches for sustainable food and nutritional security.

An integrated research approach to ensure sustainable rice yield increase of a crop grown by 25% of the world's farmers in 10% of cropland is essential for global food security. Rice, being a global staple crop, feeds about 56% of the world population and sustains 40% of the world's poor. At ~ $200 billion, it also accounts for 13% of the annual crop value.

WRKY9 transcription factor regulates cytochrome P450 genes CYP94B3 and CYP86B1, leading to increased root suberin and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Salinity affects crop productivity worldwide and mangroves growing under high salinity exhibit adaptations such as enhanced root apoplastic barrier to survive under such conditions. We have identified two cytochrome P450 family genes, AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 from the mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis and characterized them using atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1, which are mutants of their putative Arabidopsis orthologs and the corresponding complemented lines with A. officinalis genes.

Regulation of a Cytochrome P450 Gene by WRKY33 Transcription Factor Controls Apoplastic Barrier Formation in Roots to Confer Salt Tolerance.

Salinity is an environmental stress that causes decline in crop yield. and other mangroves have adaptations such as ultrafiltration at the roots aided by apoplastic cell wall barriers to thrive in saline conditions. We studied a cytochrome P450 gene from , , and its putative ortholog in Arabidopsis (), , which are involved in apoplastic barrier formation.

Expression of AoNHX1 increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis.

Expression of AoNHX1 from the mangrove Avicennia increases salt tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis, and specific bHLH transcription factors regulate AtNHX1 and AtNHX6 in Arabidopsis to mediate the salinity response. Improving crop plants to better tolerate soil salinity is a challenging task. Mangrove trees such as Avicennia officinalis have special adaptations to thrive in high salt conditions, which include subcellular compartmentalization of ions facilitated by specialized ion transporters.

OsTPS8 controls yield-related traits and confers salt stress tolerance in rice by enhancing suberin deposition.

Class I TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE (TPS) genes affect salinity tolerance and plant development. However, the function of class IITPS genes and their underlying mechanisms of action are unknown. We report the identification and functional analysis of a rice class IITPS gene (OsTPS8).

Regulation of Seed Germination and Abiotic Stresses by Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid.

Overall growth and development of a plant is regulated by complex interactions among various hormones, which is critical at different developmental stages. Some of the key aspects of plant growth include seed development, germination and plant survival under unfavorable conditions. Two of the key phytohormones regulating the associated physiological processes are gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA).

The OsPS1-F gene regulates growth and development in rice by modulating photosynthetic electron transport rate.

Ds insertion in rice OsPS1-F gene results in semi-dwarf plants with reduced tiller number and grain yield, while genetic complementation with OsPS1-F rescued the mutant phenotype. Photosynthetic electron transport is regulated in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by multi-protein complexes. Studies about photosynthetic machinery and its subunits in crop plants are necessary, because they could be crucial for yield enhancement in the long term.