Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Penicillium rubens and catalytic detoxification of ochratoxin A and organic dye pollutants.

The environmental pollution caused by chemical dyes is a growing concern nowadays. Limitations of traditional methods opened the route for nanotechnology; owing to the versatile properties of nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) became a potential strategy for different applications. In the present study, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (BioAuNPs) was carried out by reacting chloroauric acid (HAuCl) with cell-free filtrate of Penicillium rubens sp.

Aptamer Tethered Bio-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Efficient Targeted Delivery of Paclitaxel to Treat Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in female patients. The current therapeutics in ovarian cancer are limited and inefficient in curing the disease. To tackle this, we have synthesized tetrasulfide derivative of silica doped, biodegradable, glutathione-responsive targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol as a linker and mucin-1 aptamer for triggered paclitaxel delivery to the ovarian cancer cells.

Challenges and emerging strategies for next generation liposomal based drug delivery: An account of the breast cancer conundrum.

The global cancer burden is witnessing an upsurge with breast cancer surpassing other cancers worldwide. Furthermore, an escalation in the breast cancer caseload is also expected in the coming years. The conventional therapeutic regimens practiced routinely are associated with many drawbacks to which nanotechnological interventions offer a great advantage.

Mechanistic insight into differential interactions of iron oxide nanoparticles with native, glycated albumin and their effect on erythrocytes parameters.

Nanoparticles and protein bioconjugates have been studied for multiple biomedical applications. We sought to investigate the interaction and structural modifications of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The IONPs were green synthesized using E.

Inhalable particles containing isoniazid and rifabutin as adjunct therapy for safe, efficacious and relapse-free cure of experimental animal tuberculosis in one month.

We investigated the preclinical efficacy and safety/tolerability of biodegradable polymeric particles containing isoniazid (INH) and rifabutin (RFB) dry powder for inhalation (DPI) as an adjunct to oral first-line therapy. Mice and guinea pigs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) were treated with ∼80 and ∼300 μg of the DPI, respectively, for 3-4 weeks starting 3, 10, and 30 days post-infection. Adjunct combination therapy eliminated culturable Mtb from the lungs and spleens of all but one of 52 animals that received the DPI.

Stimuli-responsive biodegradable polyurethane nano-constructs as a potential triggered drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy.

Polyurethanes (PUs) constitute an essential class of stimuli-responsive and biodegradable material, which has significantly contributed to the advancement of polymers utilization in the biomedical field. The bio-erodible PUs construct an active corridor for facilitating drug into tumor cells, which has significantly impacted the progression of nano-micellar delivery systems. The self-assembledcolloidal PUs pose distinctive features such as enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic chemotherapeutics, rapid cellular uptake, triggered erosion and drug release, bio-stimulus sensitivity, improvement in the targeting and proficiency ofbioactive.

Highly sensitive label-free bio-interfacial colorimetric sensor based on silk fibroin-gold nanocomposite for facile detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide.

Herein, the preparation of gold nanoparticles-silk fibroin (SF-AuNPs) dispersion and its label-free colorimetric detection of the organophosphate pesticide, namely chlorpyrifos, at ppb level are reported. The silk fibroin solution was extracted from B. mori silk after performing degumming, dissolving and dialysis steps.

Accelerated and scarless wound repair by a multicomponent hydrogel through simultaneous activation of multiple pathways.

Scarless healing of injury remains a clinical challenge because of its complicated and overlapping phases of inflammation, clearing, and regeneration. Curcumin has been already established as a potential wound healing agent for normal and diabetic-impaired wounds. Herein, the question has been addressed whether a well-known antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticle (CNP) can potentiate the activity of curcumin to promote a cellular program for scarless healing.

Correction: Topical Application of Ochratoxin A Causes DNA Damage and Tumor Initiation in Mouse Skin.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Analysis of tail-anchored protein translocation pathway in plants.

Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a special class of membrane proteins that carry out vital functions in all living cells. Targeting mechanisms of TA proteins are investigated as the best example for post-translational protein targeting in yeast. Of the several mechanisms, Guided Entry of Tail-anchored protein (GET) pathway plays a major role in TA protein targeting.

Baicalin and chrysin mixture imparts cyto-protection against methylglyoxal induced cytotoxicity and diabetic tubular injury by modulating RAGE, oxidative stress and inflammation.

Protective effect of mixture of flavonoids baicalin and chrysin (BCH) was studied against methylglyoxal (MG, a precursor of AGEs) induced cytotoxicity in NRK 52E kidney epithelial cells. Flow cytometry and microscopic analysis showed increased ROS generation, compromised antioxidant status, depolarization of mitochondria and apoptosis in MG stressed cells which were significantly transformed (p≤0.01) during BCH co-treatment.

Cutaneous exposure to clinically-relevant pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) proteins promote T2-dependent sensitization and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in Balb/c mice.

Epicutaneous (EC) sensitization to food allergens may occur when the skin has been lightly damaged. The study here tested whether cutaneous exposure to pigeon pea protein(s) may cause allergic sensitization. BALB/c mice were either orally gavaged or epicutaneously sensitized by repeated application of pigeon pea crude protein extract (CPE) on undamaged areas of skin without any adjuvant; afterwards, both groups were orally challenged with the pigeon pea CPE.

Deoxynivalenol induced mouse skin tumor initiation: Elucidation of molecular mechanisms in human HaCaT keratinocytes.

Among food contaminants, mycotoxins are toxic to both human and animal health. Our prior studies suggest that Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin, behaves as a tumor promoter by inducing edema, hyperplasia, ODC activity and activation of MAPK's in mouse skin. In this study, topical application of DON, 336 and 672 nmol significantly enhanced ROS levels, DNA damage and apoptosis with concomitant downregulation of Ki-67, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK2) thereby resulting in tumor initiation in mouse skin.

Reversion of Asthmatic Complications and Mast Cell Signalling Pathways in BALB/c Mice Model Using Quercetin Nanocrystals.

The tranquillizing effects of quercetin on allergic asthma are promising, but its poor water solubility and bioavailability is still a bottleneck. In this study, an ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized BALB/c mice asthma model was used to investigate the potential of quercetin nanocrystals (nQ) on relieving asthma aggravation. The water soluble nQ was prepared by the homogenization using the high energy sonication method.

Bilayer Cryogel Wound Dressing and Skin Regeneration Grafts for the Treatment of Acute Skin Wounds.

In this study, the potential of cryogel bilayer wound dressing and skin regenerating graft for the treatment of surgically created full thickness wounds was evaluated. The top layer was composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) cryogel and served as the antiseptic layer, while the bottom regenerative layer was made using gelatin cryogel. Both components of the bilayer showed typical features of a cryogel interconnected macropore network, rapid swelling, high water uptake capacity of about 90%.

Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Bisphenol A is a factor of its hepatotoxicity in rats.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic and endocrine disrupting agent, is widely used in manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA and other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) act via multiple mechanisms including interference with mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria are the hub of cellular energy pool and hence are the target of many EDCs.

Cell factory-derived bioactive molecules with polymeric cryogel scaffold enhance the repair of subchondral cartilage defect in rabbits.

We have explored the potential of cell factory-derived bioactive molecules, isolated from conditioned media of primary goat chondrocytes, for the repair of subchondral cartilage defects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirms the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 in an isolated protein fraction (12.56 ± 1.

Trans-blood brain barrier delivery of dopamine-loaded nanoparticles reverses functional deficits in parkinsonian rats.

Sustained and safe delivery of dopamine across the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major hurdle for successful therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, in the present study we designed neurotransmitter dopamine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (DA NPs) to deliver dopamine to the brain. These nanoparticles slowly and constantly released dopamine, showed reduced clearance of dopamine in plasma, reduced quinone adduct formation, and decreased dopamine autoxidation.

Benzanthrone induced immunotoxicity via oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in Balb/c mice.

Benzanthrone (BA) is an important dye intermediate which is used in the manufacturing of several polycyclic vat and disperse dyes in textile industries. Several studies have indicated that the general population is also exposed to BA owing to its release from furnace effluents and automobile exhausts in the environment. In several clinical studies, it has been shown that workers exposed to BA developed itching, burning sensation, erythema and hyperpigmentation of the skin, which could be an outcome of the dysregulated immune response.

A clerodane diterpene inhibit adipogenesis by cell cycle arrest and ameliorate obesity in C57BL/6 mice.

A clerodane diterpene, 16α-Hydroxycleroda-3, 13 (14) Z-dien-15, 16-olide (compound 1) isolated from Polyalthia longifolia had previously been reported as a new structural class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor apart from statins. Statins are known to be anti-adipogenic in nature. The distant structural similarity between compound 1 and lovastatin (polyketide class of compound) prompted us to investigate effects of diterpene compound 1 on adipogenesis and thereby obesity.

Dietary administration of Nexrutine inhibits rat liver tumorigenesis and induces apoptotic cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Epidemiological studies suggested that plant-based dietary supplements can reduce the risk of liver cancer. Nexrutine (NX), an herbal extract from , has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we have shown the anti-tumor potential of NX against Solt-Farber model with elimination of PH, rat liver tumor induced by diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) as carcinogen and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) as co-carcinogen.

Elucidation of immediate type I reactions in native and GM mustard (Brassica spp.).

Mustard, a widely consumed spice can provoke allergic manifestations in mustard sensitive individuals. The aim of this study is to explore the allergenicity potential of GM mustard varieties (GM-V2 and GM-V4) having increased carotenoid content and compare it with the native (Varuna) and commercially available variety (Urvashi). Mustard protein sensitized (GM and non-GM) BALB/c mice sera were used to identify the allergenic proteins by IgE immunoblotting.

Allergic manifestation by black gram (Vigna mungo) proteins in allergic patients, BALB/c mice and RBL-2H3 cells.

The prevalence of black gram (Vigna mungo) induced allergic reactions are reported from several parts of the world including Asia and Australia. But, a thorough exploration of the allergic reactions induced by black gram proteins is still lacking. Therefore, efforts have been made to explore black gram allergy using in vivo and in vitro approaches.