Emission factors and emission inventory of diesel vehicles in Nepal.

A comprehensive emission inventory of the transport sector through fuel-based emission factors (EFs) was developed for the first time in Nepal. This study estimates air pollutants emission from diesel vehicles between the years 1989 and 2018 based on national statistical data, average vehicle kilometers travelled, fuel mileage, and measurement-based EFs for each vehicle category during idle and moving conditions. The consumption of diesel by vehicle category was also estimated and total consumption was compared with national sales data.

A model-ready emission inventory for crop residue open burning in the context of Nepal.

Open burning of crop residue is an important source of air pollution which is poorly characterized in South Asia. Currently, the gridded inventory reported by Global Fire Emissions Database for biomass burning including open burning of crop residue are of coarse resolution (0.25° × 0.

Estimating emissions from open burning of municipal solid waste in municipalities of Nepal.

Open burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a poorly-characterized and frequently-underestimated source of air pollution in developing countries. This paper estimates the quantity of MSW that was burned in five erstwhile municipalities of the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. A household survey, a transect walk survey, an experiment to measure the fraction of waste that is combustible, a survey on fraction of population burning waste outside their houses, and a survey of the fraction of MSW burned at dump sites were performed in this study, whereas burning/oxidation efficiency, municipal populations, MSW generation rates, and emission factors were derived from the literature.