Synthesis and Characterization of Symmetrical -Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(II) Complexes-An Investigation of the Influence of Pyridinyl Substituents.

Three new tridentate copper(II) -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have been obtained and characterized with symmetrical C-4 substitutions on their pendent pyridine rings. Substitutions including methyl (Me), methoxy (OMe), and chloro (Cl) groups, which extend the library pincer Cu-NHC complexes under investigation, modify the impact of pyridinyl basicity on NCN pincer complexes. Both ligand precursors and copper(II) complexes are characterized using a range of techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for H, C, P, and F nuclei, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass-loss rate and stabilization.

The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI).

Harmony in nature: understanding the cultural and ecological aspects of plant use in Ladakh.

Background: Traditional knowledge (TK) in Ladakh encapsulates a repository of experimental wisdom cultivated over millennia. Despite this cultural wealth, dwindling interest among the younger generations in the region's age-old practices underscores the urgency to document TK. The current study investigates the diverse usage of plants in Surru, Wakha and Lower Indus valleys of Western Ladakh exploring the influence of socioeconomic and ecological factors.

The double target sign as ultrasonographic finding in a case of double intussusception: A case report.

Intussusception is one of the common conditions in children presenting with abdominal pain. The exact etiology of intussusception is unknown. Lead point is not identified in the majority of cases in children.

Copper complexes for the chemoselective -arylation of arylamines and sulfanilamides Chan-Evans-Lam cross-coupling.

Copper(II) complexes with tridentate -ligands were utilized for Chan-Evans-Lam (CEL) cross-coupling reactions to enable the -arylation of multifarious -nucleophiles through the activation of aryl boronic acids. A condition-specific methodology was developed to chemoselectively target the amine sulfonamide -arylation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide using new catalysts. Two different pyridine-based ligands and corresponding copper(II) complexes were characterized using H and C-NMR, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, HRMS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry.

Sodium Trifluoroacetate mediated Copper-Catalyzed -Michael addition of -unsaturated olefins with aromatic amines.

We present a sodium trifluoroacetate (CFCONa) mediated copper-catalyzed -Michael addition of aromatic amines with activated olefins under mild, aqueous reaction conditions. This simplistic protocol employs a copper catalyst (10 mol%) and water as solvent. This transformation occurs precisely with aromatic substituted amines containing both electron-donating (EDG) and electron-withdrawing (EWG) groups.

Mitochondrial cytochrome b indicates the presence of two paraphyletic diverged lineages of the blue sheep Pseudois nayaur across the Indian Himalaya: conservation implications.

Background: Populations exhibit signatures of local adaptive traits due to spatial and environmental heterogeneity resulting in microevolution. The blue sheep is widely distributed across the high Asian mountains and are the snow leopard's principal prey species. These mountains differ in their evolutionary history due to differential glaciation and deglaciation periods, orography, and rainfall patterns, and such factors causes diversification in species.

Living with a large predator: Assessing the root causes of Human-brown bear conflict and their spatial patterns in Lahaul valley, Himachal Pradesh.

Brown bear-mediated conflicts have caused immense economic loss to the local people living across the distribution range. In India, limited knowledge is available on the Himalayan brown bear (HBB), making human-brown bear conflict (HBC) mitigation more challenging. In this study, we studied HBC in the Lahaul valley using a semi-structured questionnaire survey by interviewing 398 respondents from 37 villages.

Copper(II) NHC Catalyst for the Formation of Phenol from Arylboronic Acid.

Arylboronic acids are commonly used in modern organic chemistry to form new C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. These activated organic synthons show reactivity with heteroatoms in a range of substrates under ambient oxidative conditions. This broad reactivity has limited their use in protic, renewable solvents like water, ethanol, and methanol.

Ageratina adenophora and Lantana camara in Kailash Sacred Landscape, India: Current distribution and future climatic scenarios through modeling.

The Himalayan region is one of the global biodiversity hotspots. However, its biodiversity and ecosystems are threatened due to abiotic and biotic drivers. One of the major biotic threats to biodiversity in this region is the rapid spread of Invasive Alien Species (IAS).

Bird diversity along riverine areas in the Bhagirathi Valley, Uttarakhand, India.

Natural riverine areas mark ecotonal habitats harbouring a characteristically diverse faunal assemblage, especially birds that also use these habitats as pathways crucial for their movement. Increasingly, riverine systems are subjected to large-scale habitat alterations due to climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic changes. Therefore, it is important to understand broad-scale community patterns for conservation planning and prioritisation for these ecotone habitats.

Forage selection by Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei) in the western Himalaya, India.

Forage selection decisions of herbivores are often complex and dynamic; they are modulated by multiple cues, such as quality, accessibility and abundance of forage plants. To advance the understanding of plant-herbivore interactions, we explored foraging behavior of the alpine lagomorph Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Pika bite counts on food plants were recorded through focal sampling in three permanently marked plots.

Changing aspects of traditional healthcare system in western Ladakh, India.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Sowa-rigpa system of traditional healing has been practiced from time immemorial in western Ladakh but its existence is in jeopardy today. Documentation of information on various aspects of this system such as treatment methods, materials used for medicine and socio-cultural aspects is needed to ensure the long-term survival of this system.

Materials And Methods: Extensive field surveys were conducted from March 2009 to June 2011 in three different Valleys of the Kargil district.