Improvement of Electrical Conductivity of In Situ Iodine-Doped Polypyrrole Film Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Reactor with Capillary Electrodes.

To improve the electrical conductivity of polypyrrole (PPy) nanostructure film through in situ iodine (I) doping, this study proposes an atmospheric pressure plasma reactor (APPR) where heated I dopant vapor is fed through capillary electrodes that serve as electrodes for discharge ignition. A large amount of the heated I vapor introduced into the reactor separately from a monomer gas can be effectively activated by an intense plasma via capillary electrodes. In particular, intensive plasma is obtained by properly adjusting the bluff body position in the APPR.

Nanostructured Polyaniline Films Functionalized through Auxiliary Nitrogen Addition in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization.

Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized from liquid aniline, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, through the atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma process using a newly designed plasma jet array with wide spacing between plasma jets. To expand the area of the polymerized film, the newly proposed plasma jet array comprises three AP plasma jet devices spaced 7 mm apart in a triangular configuration and an electrodeless quartz tube capable of applying auxiliary gas in the center of the triangular plasma jets. The vaporized aniline monomer was synthesized into a PANI film using the proposed plasma array device.

Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet with Single-Pin Electrode Configuration and Its Application in Polyaniline Thin Film Growth.

This study systematically investigated an atmospheric pressure plasma reactor with a centered single pin electrode inside a dielectric tube for depositing the polyaniline (PANI) thin film based on the experimental case studies relative to variations in pin electrode configurations (cases I, II, and III), bluff-body heights, and argon (Ar) gas flow rates. In these cases, the intensified charge-coupled device and optical emission spectroscopy were analyzed to investigate the factors affecting intensive glow-like plasma generation for deposition with a large area. Compared to case I, the intense glow-like plasma of the cases II and III generated abundant reactive nitrogen species (RNSs) and excited argon radical species for fragmentation and recombination of PANI.

Ultrafast Room Temperature Synthesis of Porous Polythiophene via Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique and Its Application to NO Gas Sensors.

New nanostructured conducting porous polythiophene (PTh) films are directly deposited on substrates at room temperature (RT) by novel atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) polymerization technique. The proposed plasma polymerization synthesis technique can grow the PTh films with a very fast deposition rate of about 7.0 μm·min by improving the sufficient nucleation and fragment of the thiophene monomer.

Transparent Polyaniline Thin Film Synthesized Using a Low-Voltage-Driven Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Reactor.

The use of low-voltage-driven plasma in atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization is considered as a simple approach to reducing the reactivity of the monomer fragments in order to prevent excessive cross-linking, which would have a negative effect on the structural properties of the polymerized thin films. In this study, AP-plasma polymerization can be processed at low voltage by an AP-plasma reactor with a wire electrode configuration. A bare tungsten wire is used as a powered electrode to initiate discharge in the plasma area (defined as the area between the wide glass tube and the substrate stand), thus allowing plasma polymerization to proceed at a lower voltage compared to other AP-plasma reactors with dielectric barriers.

Synthesis and Properties of Thiophene and Aniline Copolymer Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets Copolymerization Technique.

This paper investigates the properties of thiophene and aniline copolymer (TAC) films deposited by using atmospheric pressure plasma jets copolymerization technique relative to various blending ratios of aniline and thiophene monomer for synthesizing the donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy are utilized to measure the surface morphology, roughness and film thickness of TAC films. Structural and chemical properties of TAC films are investigated by Fourier transforms-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Effects of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) on Characteristics of Polyaniline Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Solution Plasma Process with an Ar Gas Bubble Channel.

The quality of polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI NPs) synthesized in plasma polymerization depends on the discharge characteristics of a solution plasma process (SPP). In this paper, the low temperature dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is introduced to minimize the destruction of aniline molecules induced by the direct current (DC) spark discharge. By adopting the new electrode structure coupled with a gas channel, a low temperature DBD is successfully implemented in a SPP, for the first time, thus inducing an effective interaction between the Ar plasma and aniline monomer.

Synthesis and Properties of Plasma-Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate via the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique.

Pinhole free layers are needed in order to prevent oxygen and water from damaging flexible electrical and bio-devices. Although polymerized methyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) for the pinhole free layer has been studied extensively in the past, little work has been done on synthesizing films of this material using atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted electro-polymerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of plasma-PMMA (pPMMA) synthesized using the atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted electro-polymerization technique at room temperature.

Synthesis of a Polyaniline Nanoparticle Using a Solution Plasma Process with an Ar Gas Bubble Channel.

This work researched polymerization of liquid aniline monomer by solution plasma with a gas bubble channel and investigated characteristics of solution plasma and polyaniline (PANI). The injected gas bubble channel in the proposed solution plasma process (SPP) played a significant role in producing a stable discharge in liquid aniline monomer at a low voltage and furthermore enhancing the contact surface area between liquid aniline monomer and plasma, thereby achieving polymerization on the boundary of the liquid aniline monomer and plasma. Solution plasma properties were analyzed with voltage⁻current, optical emission spectroscopy, and high-speed camera.

In-Liquid Plasma Process for Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Controlling Gas Bubbles in Water.

Most methods controlling size and shape of metal nanoparticles are chemical methods, and little work has been done using only plasma methods. Size- and shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is proposed based on adjusting the gas bubble formation produced between two silver electrodes. The application of a voltage waveform with three different pulse widths during a plasma process in water can generate different gas bubble formations.

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Films Doped with and without Iodine.

Although polymerized aniline (polyaniline, PANI) with and without iodine (I₂) doping has already been extensively studied, little work has been done on the synthesis of PANI films using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) deposition. Therefore, this study characterized pure and I₂-doped PANI films synthesized using an advanced APP polymerization system. The I₂ doping was conducted ex-situ and using an I₂ chamber method following the APP deposition.

Conductive Polymer Synthesis with Single-Crystallinity via a Novel Plasma Polymerization Technique for Gas Sensor Applications.

This study proposes a new nanostructured conductive polymer synthesis method that can grow the single-crystalline high-density plasma-polymerized nanoparticle structures by enhancing the sufficient nucleation and fragmentation of the pyrrole monomer using a novel atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results show that the plasma-polymerized pyrrole (pPPy) nanoparticles have a fast deposition rate of 0.93 µm·min under a room-temperature process and have single-crystalline characteristics with porous properties.

Effects of MgO Nanocrystal Powder on Long-Term Sustain and Address Discharge Characteristics in ac-Plasma Display Panel.

We investigated the characteristics of MgO surface with MgO nanocrystal powders due to the longterm (500 hours) ion bombardment comparing with the conventional MgO surface in this study. When the MgO nanocrystal powders were coated on the conventional MgO surface, it was observed that the sputtered Mg particles from MgO surface were re-deposited on the MgO nanocrystal powders, which was able to significantly suppress the re-crystallization on the phosphor layers. We confirm that the MgO nanocrystal powders play a significant role in suppressing the degradation of the MgO surface and phosphor layer after long-term severe ion bombardments.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanofibrous Polyaniline Thin Film Prepared by Novel Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique.

This work presents a study on the preparation of plasma-polymerized aniline (pPANI) nanofibers and nanoparticles by an intense plasma cloud type atmospheric pressure plasma jets (iPC-APPJ) device with a single bundle of three glass tubes. The nano size polymer was obtained at a sinusoidal wave with a peak value of 8 kV and a frequency of 26 kHz under ambient air. Discharge currents, photo-sensor amplifier, and optical emission spectrometer (OES) techniques were used to analyze the plasma produced from the iPC-APPJ device.