Anatomy of the Dorsum of the Foot and Its Relevance for Nonsurgical Cosmetic Procedures.

Background: Operative procedures to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the feet are associated with risks. Minimally invasive procedures to volumize the dorsum of the foot are to this point not described. The present study investigates the safety and efficacy of such procedures in a retrospective clinical, anatomical, and ultrasound-based study.

Arterial Wall Penetration Forces in Needles versus Cannulas.

Background: If safety is defined as the diminished ability to penetrate facial arteries, the goal of this study was to investigate whether different-sized cannulas are safer than correspondingly sized needles for the application of facial soft-tissue fillers.

Methods: Two hundred ninety-four penetration procedures of the facial and superficial temporal arteries were performed in four fresh frozen cephalic specimens using both needles (20-, 22-, 25-, and 27-gauge) and cannulas (22-, 25-, and 27-gauge). Continuously increasing force was applied and measured until intraarterial penetration occurred.

Treatment of nasal wrinkles with botulinum toxin.

Background: Nasal wrinkles on the dorsum of the nose can frequently be treated with botulinum toxin type A by injecting a few units into the nasalis muscle. Between 2 and 5 U of botulinum toxin have commonly been used. However, clinicians have observed that some nasal wrinkles persist following nasalis treatment.

Cutis laxa: Improvement of facial aesthetics by using botulinum toxin.

Background: Cutis laxa is characterized by the total loss of skin elasticity, which is also called generalized elastosis that leads to the appearance of early aging.

Objective: The authors report a patient with cutis laxa in which botulinum toxin was used for the improvement of facial aesthetics. This is a case report with a literature review.

Plantar hyperhidrosis and pitted keratolysis treated with botulinum toxin injection.

Background: Sulcate plantare keratolysis or pitted keratolysis (plantar keratolysis sulcatum) is a disease that is commonly found in tropical countries. Patients have also reported plantar hyperhidrosis.

Objective: Two patients with pitted keratolysis resistant to topical and systemic treatments are described.

Botulinum toxin: application into acupuncture points for migraine.

Background: : Botulinum toxin has been employed in orthopedics, physiatrics, gastroenterology, gynecology, neurology, pediatrics, general surgery, plastic surgery, and several other specialties. We have applied this drug to treat hyperhidrosis and wrinkles in dermatology; it offers also a secondary benefit: relief for headaches.

Objective: : We have performed studies based on acupuncture principles in order to develop new botulinum toxin application sites for the treatment of migraine.