Short-term safety and efficacy of ripasudil as "add-on therapy" in glaucoma patients on maximum tolerable glaucoma medication.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the additional intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and tolerability of ripasudil in patients with glaucoma inadequately controlled with maximum tolerable medical therapy.

Methods: A prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) but IOP inadequately controlled with maximum medical therapy were enrolled for this.

Comparison of ganglion cell layer thickness and pattern electroretinography among glaucoma suspects and healthy controls.

Purpose: To evaluate the difference in ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and waveform on pattern electroretinography (PERG) among glaucoma suspects and healthy controls.

Methods: An analytical, cross-sectional study was done on 100 eyes of 50 subjects, equally divided in the glaucoma suspect and control group. Subjects with an asymmetrically increased vertical cup-to-disc ratio and without any perimetric change were taken as suspects, and subjects with normal findings were taken as controls.

SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in tear secretions of inpatient COVID-positive individuals in an Indian tertiary care setting.

Purpose: In the third wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, despite progressive vaccination coverage, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was rapidly spreading and the possibility for ocular transmission of COVID-19 was most relevant. This study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in tears as detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), among individuals who tested COVID-positive during the third wave of the COVID pandemic.

Methods: Among 90 patients admitted with mild to severe COVID-19 infection (ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms), separate conjunctival samples were obtained from both eyes without topical anesthesia taking precautions to avoid contamination.

Comparision of efficacy and safety of 0.03% and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Background: Topical immunosuppressants such as tacrolimus in different concentrations are a breakthrough in the management of recalcitrant vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC); however, there is a lacks of comparative studies to guide their use in VKC management.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus 0.03% and 0.

A cross-sectional study analyzing the correlation between the mean retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness with axial length and refractive errors among children aged 5-15 years.

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between the mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness with axial length and refractive errors among children aged 5-15 years.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was done on 130 eyes of 65 consecutive subjects with refractive errors. The patients were evaluated for RNFL thickness and macular GCL thickness using spectral domain- optical coherence tomography.

A cross-sectional study to describe the spectrum of ocular manifestations and risk factors of mucormycosis presenting to a tertiary hospital of East India.

Purpose: To report the clinico-demographic profile of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) in patients during the "second wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic in eastern India, and their ophthalmic manifestations at presentation to our tertiary institute.

Methods: Cross-sectional study amongst patients presenting to our center based on their hospital records. Demographic information, history related to COVID-19, records of detailed ocular examination, and microbiological, radiological, and histopathological investigation were entered into an online worksheet and analyzed using SPSS 26.

Ultrasound-guided aspiration of an orbital abscess.

A 10-year-old boy presented with severe proptosis due to a retrobulbar abscess. Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration was performed under intravenous sedation with complete abscess core decompression and resolution of proptosis.

Status of Rho kinase inhibitors in glaucoma therapeutics-an overview.

Medical management remains the cornerstone of glaucoma management despite advances in the surgical or laser procedures. After a leap of almost two decades of the advent of prostaglandin analogues, recently a new class of drug, Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors, has come to limelight because of their varied therapeutic potential in different clinical conditions of eye, especially glaucoma. Their efficacy of lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by virtue of an entirely different mechanism of decreasing outflow resistance has ignited a series of clinical trials evaluating their potential as monotherapy or as adjunct to existing antiglaucoma medications, and three of them ripasudil, netarsudil and roclatan have even been approved for clinical use in the recent past.

Management of glaucoma in pregnancy - balancing safety with efficacy.

Glaucoma and pregnancy is an uncommon combination, but it constitutes a very challenging situation for the treating doctor. The challenge is not only controlling the intraocular pressure and preventing glaucoma progression in the mother, but also having to deal with her mental stress and anxiety regarding the safety of her child. The situation is further worsened by the lack of definite guidelines as to how to deal with such patients.

Lasers in Glaucoma: an Overview.

Lasers have been in use as a treatment modality of glaucoma for more than last four decades. Each passing year has added newer dimensions to the existing laser technologies enhancing their safety and efficacy profile. This has become possible due to continuous research and innovations with proper understanding of the mechanism of action of different variety of lasers as treatment options.

Tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine- Comparative Evaluation as First line drug in Vernal keratoconjuctivitis.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy, side effects and recurrence rate of vernal kerato conjunctivitis (VKC) with 0.03% tacrolimus and 0.05% cyclosporin.

Bilateral Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous - A Rare Case Report.

Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV), now-a-days referred to as Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV), is a rare congenital anomaly of the eye that typically presents unilaterally with white pupillary reflex and microphthalmia without systemic associations. Bilateral presentations are rare. Here we report a case of 15-year-old male with bilateral PFV without leucokoria who was misdiagnosed as congenital esotropia with amblyopia, treated for refractive errors and referred to higher centre for squint corrections.

Congenital ectropion uveae with glaucoma: a case report.

Congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) is a rare anomaly characterized by ectropion uveae, iris hypoplasia, iridotrabecular dysgenesis and glaucoma. The apparent ectropion uveae results from the spread of iris pigment epithelium beyond the iris ruff and onto the anterior surface of the iris. Conclusion Open-angle glaucoma results due to angle dysgenesis, so patients should be carefully examined periodically for its early detection.

Clinical Outcome of Probing in Infants with Acute Dacryocystitis - A Prospective Study.

Introduction: Acute dacryocystitis is an uncommon but serious condition in infants and needs immediate treatment. Although, medical management with systemic antibiotics remains the mainstay of initial treatment, there are recent studies justifying simultaneous Naso Lacrimal Duct (NLD) probing with acceptable success rate.

Aim: To assess the success rate of probing in the management of infantile acute dacryocystitis and to analyse the factors affecting it.

Congenital Ectropion Uveae with Glaucoma: A Case Report.

Congenital Ectropion Uveae (CEU) is a rare anomaly characterised by ectropion uveae, iris hypoplasia, iridotrabecular dysgenesis and glaucoma. Hyperplasia of the iris pigment epithelium and its apparent spread over the anterior surface of the iris is supposed to cause the classic ectropion uveae in CEU. Almost all patients develop open angle glaucoma due to angle dysgenesis, so they should be carefully examined periodically for its early detection.