Effect of maqui-berry extract in dry eye disease - A clinical and molecular analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of maqui-berry extract (MBE) in improving signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) along with ocular surface inflammation in patients with DED.

Methods: Twenty patients were randomly assigned to a MBE or a placebo group (PLC). DED parameters including Schirmer's test 1 (ST1), tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and corneal staining were assessed before treatment and 2 months post-treatment.

Nexus of ocular motility and dry eye.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of vision therapy (VT) in patients with chronic presumed refractory dry eye disease (DED) and concurrent nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVAs). To propose an algorithmic approach to manage patients with refractory DED.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with chronic (>1 year) presumed refractory DED and NSBVA were prospectively evaluated.

Hormones and dry eye disease.

The endocrine system influences all tissues and cells in the human body. The ocular surface is constantly exposed to circulating hormones and expresses their specific receptors. Dry eye disease (DED) is a disorder with multifactorial etiology, and endocrine anomalies are one of the inciting factors.

Vitamin D and eye: Current evidence and practice guidelines.

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that has widespread role in human physiology, not only in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis but also in immunomodulation, cellular differentiation, and proliferation. The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are well known and are applicable to the ocular surface immune cells and structural cells. The role of vitamin D in ocular surface conditions such as dry eye disease (DED), keratoconus (KC), and post-surgical outcomes has received widespread and well-deserved attention.

Role of confocal microscopy in dry eye disease and eye pain.

Dry eye disease is known to have a lot of variability in presentation with overlapping subtypes. Understanding the pathology of this condition will guide therapeutic options. In vivo confocal microscopy is a diagnostic and imaging modality that provides high magnification and high-resolution images of all layers of the cornea and ocular surface.

Every eye needs a best chance to see: Just give it.

Background: Anterior staphyloma is defined as a localized defect in the anterior eye wall with protrusion of the uveal tissue due to alterations in scleral thickness and structure. The causes could be congenital, trauma, or following infection. Surgical options include staphylectomy with graft (corneal/corneoscleral), biosynthetic graft, enucleation or evisceration in a painful blind eye).

Ocular Surface Infection Mediated Molecular Stress Responses: A Review.

Infection mediated ocular surface stress responses are activated as early defense mechanisms in response to host cell damage. Integrated stress responses initiate the host response to different types of infections and modulate the transcription of key genes and translation of proteins. The crosstalk between host and pathogen results in profound alterations in cellular and molecular homeostasis triggering specific stress responses in the infected tissues.

COVID-19 positivity rate in corneal tissue donors - A cause for concern!

Purpose: To determine the postmortem positivity for COVID-19 among voluntary eye donors who had been certified to have died of non-COVID-19 causes.

Methods: All donors who donated their corneas (from March 2021 onward) were assessed for COVID-19 positivity tested by nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Relevant screening history was taken prior to collection.

Mucous membrane grafting (fibrin glue vs. suture) for lid margin pathologies in Stevens-Johnson syndrome: randomized comparative study.

Objective: To compare fibrin glue (with three cardinal sutures) (FG) and polygalactin suture (PS) for mucous membrane grafting (MMG) in terms of graft apposition and recurrence of lid margin keratinization (LMK) and metaplastic lashes (ML) in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).

Design: Prospective randomized comparative interventional study.

Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with SJS and lid margin abnormalities including LMK with or without ML were randomized to undergo either fibrin glue (FG)-assisted MMG (n = 10) or continuous 8-0 polygalactin suture (PS)-assisted MMG (n = 10).

Congenital Third Nerve Palsy Associated With Midbrain Hypoplasia Due to Bilateral Segmental Internal Carotid Artery Agenesis.

A 15-year-old girl, diagnosed with a partial right third nerve palsy, was found to have bilateral internal carotid artery agenesis. Neuroimaging with 3D-constructive interference in steady state scanning identified the possible etiology of the third nerve palsy as midbrain hypoplasia.

In Vivo Analysis of Angle Dysgenesis in Primary Congenital, Juvenile, and Adult-Onset Open Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate angle dysgenesis in vivo, among congenital, juvenile, and adult-onset open angle glaucoma patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation of 96 glaucoma patients, 22 children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) old enough to cooperate for optical coherence tomography (OCT), 34 juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma (JOAG) patients, 40 adult-onset primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and 30 healthy subjects, was carried out using high-resolution anterior segment spectral domain (SD)-OCT. Subgroup analysis was done for presence/ absence of angle dysgenesis as defined by presence of abnormal tissue/hyperreflective membrane within angle recess and/or absence of Schlemm's canal (SC).