Characterization of the Peritumoral Atrophic Band and Nonneoplastic Renal Parenchyma in Radical Nephrectomy Specimens.

Objectives: Pathologic evaluation of nonneoplastic renal parenchyma in nephrectomy specimens is important for identifying chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy, but increasing utilization of partial nephrectomies has led to less-sampled nonneoplastic parenchyma. The sampled tissue is often composed predominantly of the peritumoral atrophic band (PAB) directly adjacent to the tumor. We sought to determine the characteristics of the PAB and whether it could be used to reliably assess kidney pathology, including diabetic nephropathy.

Correlates and Outcomes of Early Acute Kidney Injury after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Background: Patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). The etiology of AKI is often multifactorial and includes exposure to antibiotics and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) for prevention of graft versus host disease.

Methods: This is a retrospective, single center study which evaluated patients undergoing inpatient HCT at Froedtert Memorial Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin from Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2016.

AKI in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza: A Comparative Analysis.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often compared with seasonal influenza and the two diseases have similarities, including the risk of systemic manifestations such as AKI. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 and influenza.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 (=325) or seasonal influenza (=433).

Persistent urinary phosphate wasting in a patient with metastatic breast cancer: What's your diagnosis?

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) can cause severe, persistent hypo-phosphatemia due to high fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels, which lead to uri-nary phosphate wasting. TIO is frequently encountered in association with mesenchy-mal tumors and responds well to resection of the primary malignancy. Rarely, TIO may be seen as a paraneoplastic phenomenon with solid organ malignancies where correction of biochemical abnormalities requires ongoing phosphorus replacement.

Monoclonal Gammopathies After Renal Transplantation: A Single-center Study.

Introduction: Plasma cell disorders (PCDs) are clonal plasma cell disorders that include conditions such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), multiple myeloma (MM), smoldering MM (SMM), solitary plasmacytoma, and light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. The risk factors associated with and the clinical course of PCDs after renal transplantation is not well established although immunosuppressive protocols may impact the incidence and natural history of PCDs posttransplant.

Patients And Methods: This single-center retrospective study evaluated patients with a history of renal transplant who developed a PCD between January 1, 2014-December 31, 2018.

Correction: HIV Viremia and T-cell Activation Differentially Affect the Performance of Glomerular Filtration Rate Equations Based on Creatinine and Cystatin C.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Evaluation and Management of Gross Hematuria in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Point of Care Guide for Practicing Internists.

Gross hematuria is common in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). It is an alarming symptom and may be the first manifestation of ADPKD. Cyst hemorrhage is a frequent cause of hematuria in ADPKD while other differential diagnoses include cyst infection, urinary tract infection, renal stones and an underlying malignancy.

Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury with a Steep Rise in Serum Creatinine.

Background: Vancomycin-associated (VA) acute kidney injury (AKI) is being increasingly recognized. A distinct pattern of rapid rise in serum creatinine (sCr) during VA-AKI has occasionally been observed. However, such scenarios remain underreported.

Rapidity of Correction of Hyponatremia Due to Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Following Tolvaptan.

Background: Tolvaptan effectively corrects hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), but undesired overcorrection can occur. We hypothesized that pretherapy parameters can predict the rapidity of response to tolvaptan in SIADH.

Study Design: Multicenter historical cohort study.

Evaluation of Polyuria: The Roles of Solute Loading and Water Diuresis.

Polyuria, defined as daily urine output in excess of 3.0 to 3.5L/d, can occur due to solute or water diuresis.

Primary and secondary hyperoxaluria: Understanding the enigma.

Hyperoxaluria is characterized by an increased urinary excretion of oxalate. Primary and secondary hyperoxaluria are two distinct clinical expressions of hyperoxaluria. Primary hyperoxaluria is an inherited error of metabolism due to defective enzyme activity.

Late antibody-mediated rejection in renal allografts: outcome after conventional and novel therapies.

Background: Although several strategies for treating early antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplants have been investigated, evidence on treatment of late AMR manifesting after 6 months is sparse. In this single-center series, we present data on 23 consecutive patients treated for late AMR.

Methods: Late AMR was diagnosed using Banff 2007 criteria along with presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and acute rise in serum creatinine (SCr).

HIV viremia and T-cell activation differentially affect the performance of glomerular filtration rate equations based on creatinine and cystatin C.

Background: Serum creatinine and cystatin C are used as markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The performance of these GFR markers relative to exogenously measured GFR (mGFR) in HIV-positive individuals is not well established.

Methods: We assessed the performance of the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equations based on serum concentrations of creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys) and both biomarkers combined (eGFRcr-cys) in 187 HIV-positive and 98 HIV-negative participants.

Online CKD education for medical students, residents, and fellows: training in a new era.

CKD and its complications are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Studies have highlighted significant deficiencies in resident knowledge and awareness of CKD and its complications. There is a need to improve CKD education through medical school and residency.

Purulent pericardial effusion from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Although the incidence of purulent pericarditis has decreased significantly in the modern antibiotic era, a high index of clinical suspicion should be maintained to diagnose this life-threatening illness at an early stage. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a global pathogen and notorious for its ability to cause infection in otherwise healthy individuals. However, it has been associated with purulent pericarditis only in some sporadic case reports.