AFB1 induced free radicals cause encephalopathy in goat kids via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis: pathological and immunohistochemical confirmation of non-hepatic neuroaflatoxicosis.

Aflatoxins, particularly AFB1, are the most common feed contaminants worldwide, causing significant economic losses to the livestock sector. The current paper describes an outbreak of aflatoxicosis in a herd of 160 male young goat kids (3-4 months), of which 68 young kids succumbed over a period of 25 days after showing neurological signs of abnormal gait, progressive paralysis and head pressing. The haematobiochemical investigation showed reduced haemoglobin, leucocyte count, PCV level, increased levels of AST, ALT, glucose, BUN, creatinine and reduced level of total protein.

Current Perspectives and Future Prospects of mRNA Vaccines against Viral Diseases: A Brief Review.

The mRNA vaccines replace our conventional vaccines (live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines) due to their high safety, efficacy, potency and low cost for their manufacturing. Since these many years, the use of these mRNA vaccines has been restricted as they are unstable and their low efficiency in delivery. But now, these problems have been solved by recent technological advances.

First description of natural concomitant infection of avian nephritis virus and infectious bronchitis virus reveals exacerbated inflammatory response and renal damage in broiler chicks.

We describe the first report on spontaneous Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) concurrent infection in broiler chicks. On necropsy, the kidneys were found swollen with its parenchyma and ureters stuffed with urate flakes. Histopathologically, the renal tubular damage and inflammatory response were severe in concurrently infected birds compared to the cases infected only with ANV, which had direct correlation with significantly (p < 0.

Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review.

Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease.

Cloning and expression of P67 protein of .

Aim: The present study was undertaken to clone, express and study the immunogenicity of P67 protein of .

Materials And Methods: P67 gene was amplified from genomic DNA of . The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was inserted in pRham N-His SUMO Kan vector and was used to transform competent 10G cells.