Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced heart failure by modulating cardiac oxidative stress, LDL-R/SREBP-2/PPAR-α, and Bax/Bcl-2 /Bcl-xL/Cyt.c/ Caspase - 9 and Caspase - 3 pathways.

Worldwide, heart failure (HF) is among the top causes of morbidity and mortality. Curative interventions using natural products for cardiovascular diseases have gained substantial attention worldwide. At present, there is little research on the protective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid in HF.