Prevalence and incidence of zoonotic diseases in South Asia: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: This review aims to estimate the prevalence and incidence of zoonotic diseases from studies of populations from South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka).

Introduction: South Asia is of notable importance in terms of the prevalence and incidence of endemic zoonoses, as well as its role as a focal point for emerging zoonotic diseases.

Inclusion Criteria: All populations residing in the 8 South Asian countries, irrespective of age/gender, will be considered.

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of the Novel Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor Mitiperstat in Healthy Japanese and Chinese Volunteers.

Background And Objective: Mitiperstat (AZD4831) is a novel irreversible oral myeloperoxidase inhibitor in clinical development for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of multiple ascending doses of mitiperstat in healthy male Japanese and Chinese volunteers.

Methods: Three cohorts of eight Japanese participants were randomized to receive once-daily oral doses of mitiperstat 2.

The effect of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of mitiperstat.

Aims: Mitiperstat is a novel, highly potent myeloperoxidase inhibitor being evaluated in patients with cardio-metabolic disease (phase 2). These patients often have impaired renal function, which may affect mitiperstat pharmacokinetics. This study assessed mitiperstat pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability in participants with severe renal impairment and normal renal function, to inform inclusion of participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.

Recent Advances in Biomaterials for mRNA Delivery to Immune Cells.

Modulating the function of immune cells by targeting the cells themselves has become a key strategy in immunotherapy for combating various diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious ailments. The use of mRNA (mRNA) is a powerful tool for transiently inducing protein expression, which is often used for genetic manipulation. However, its inherent instability and inability to precisely reach target cells necessitate the use of biomaterials for safe and effective delivery.

Aging-related changes in the mechanical properties of single cells.

Mechanical properties, along with biochemical and molecular properties, play crucial roles in governing cellular function and homeostasis. Cellular mechanics are influenced by various factors, including physiological and pathological states, making them potential biomarkers for diseases and aging. While several methods such as AFM, particle-tracking microrheology, optical tweezers/stretching, magnetic tweezers/twisting cytometry, microfluidics, and micropipette aspiration have been widely utilized to measure the mechanical properties of single cells, our understanding of how aging affects these properties remains limited.

Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight.

Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes. However, documenting microbial shifts during spaceflight has been difficult due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling and profiling. Here we executed a six-month longitudinal study to quantify the high-resolution human microbiome response to three days in orbit for four individuals.

The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study, JAXA CFE study, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew, Axiom and Polaris.

Measurement of energy and directional distribution of neutron ambient dose equivalent for the Li(p,n)Be reaction.

Double differential neutron fluence distributions were measured in the Li(p,n)Be reaction for proton beam energies 7, 9 and 12 MeV. Seven liquid scintillator based detectors were employed to measure neutron fluence distributions using the Time of Flight technique. Neutron ambient dose equivalents were determined from the measured fluence distribution using ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) recommended fluence to dose equivalent conversion coefficients.

Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation.

Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes, which play a role in some space-derived health disorders. However, documenting the response of microbiota to spaceflight has been difficult thus far due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling. Here, we executed a six-month longitudinal study centered on a three-day flight to quantify the high-resolution microbiome response to spaceflight.

Identification of a shared, common haplotype segregating with an SGCB c.544 T > G mutation in Indian patients affected with sarcoglycanopathy.

Sarcoglycanopathy is the most frequent form of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies caused by mutations in SGCB gene encoding beta-sarcoglycan proteins. In this study, we describe a shared, common haplotype co-segregating in 14 sarcoglycanopathy cases from 13 unrelated families from south Indian region with the likely pathogenic homozygous mutation c.544 T > G (p.

Mass Balance and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion Properties of Balcinrenone following Oral Administration in Combination with Intravenous Microtracer in Healthy Subjects.

An absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion study was performed to determine the basic pharmacokinetic parameters, mass balance, and metabolite profiles of balcinrenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor modulator, in humans. This open-label, single-center, nonrandomized study had a two-period design. In period 1, eight healthy male subjects were dosed with a microtracer intravenous infusion of [C]balcinrenone shortly after receiving an oral dose of unlabeled balcinrenone in a capsule.

Substrate DNA length regulates the activity of TET 5-methylcytosine dioxygenases.

The ten-eleven translocation (TET) isoforms (TET1-3) play critical roles in epigenetic transcription regulation. In addition, mutations in the TET2 gene are frequently detected in patients with glioma and myeloid malignancies. TET isoforms can oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine, by iterative oxidation.

Characterization of the Stereoselective Disposition of Bupropion and Its Metabolites in Rat Plasma and Brain.

Background And Objectives: Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant and smoking cessation aid; its use is associated with wide intersubject variability in efficacy and safety. Knowledge of the brain pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its pharmacologically active metabolites is considered important for understanding the cause-effect relationships driving this variability.

Methods: Brain concentrations from rats administered a 10 mg/kg subcutaneous dose of racemic bupropion were analyzed using a stereoselective LC/MS-MS method.

Application of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry to Characterize the Mass Balance Recovery and Disposition of AZD4831, a Novel Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor, following Administration of an Oral Radiolabeled Microtracer Dose in Humans.

This study evaluated the mass balance and disposition of AZD4831, a novel myeloperoxidase inhibitor, in six healthy participants using a C-labeled microtracer coupled with analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). A single oral dose of 10 mg C-AZD4831 (14.8 kBq) was administered as a solution, and C levels were quantified by AMS in blood, urine, and feces over 336 hours postdose.

Microbiome and metagenomic analysis of Lake Hillier Australia reveals pigment-rich polyextremophiles and wide-ranging metabolic adaptations.

Lake Hillier is a hypersaline lake known for its distinctive bright pink color. The cause of this phenomenon in other hypersaline sites has been attributed to halophiles, Dunaliella, and Salinibacter, however, a systematic analysis of the microbial communities, their functional features, and the prevalence of pigment-producing-metabolisms has not been previously studied. Through metagenomic sequencing and culture-based approaches, our results evidence that Lake Hillier is composed of a diverse set of microorganisms including archaea, bacteria, algae, and viruses.

Multi-functional palladium-ruthenium nanocomposites: an approach towards semi-hydrogenation catalysis and hydrogen sorption.

Development of heterogeneous metal catalysts with superior activity and high selectivity towards the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is of significant industrial importance. Bimetallic Pd-Ru nanocomposites were synthesized over the entire composition range using a capping-agent assisted solution-based approach. The as-prepared nanocomposites demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards the hydrogenation of a wide range of olefinic substrates and exceptional selectivity towards styrene in a phenylacetylene semi-hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions.

Supervised Machine Learning Enables Geospatial Microbial Provenance.

The recent increase in publicly available metagenomic datasets with geospatial metadata has made it possible to determine location-specific, microbial fingerprints from around the world. Such fingerprints can be useful for comparing microbial niches for environmental research, as well as for applications within forensic science and public health. To determine the regional specificity for environmental metagenomes, we examined 4305 shotgun-sequenced samples from the MetaSUB Consortium dataset-the most extensive public collection of urban microbiomes, spanning 60 different cities, 30 countries, and 6 continents.

Somatic Embryogenesis of Anthurium andraeanum Linden., -A Tropical Florists' Plant.

The global floriculture market is expected to reach US$41.1 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 5% over the analysis period 2020-2027; on the year 2020, the recorded market value in this trade was US$29.2 billion.

Spectral invariants of ergodic symbolic systems for pattern recognition and anomaly detection.

Despite tangible advances in machine learning (ML) over the last few decades, many of the ML techniques still suffer from fundamental issues like overfitting and lack of explainability. These issues mandate requirements for mathematical rigor to ensure robust learning from observed data. In this context, topological invariants in data manifolds provide a rich representation of the underlying dynamical system, which can be utilized for developing a mathematically rigorous ML tool to characterize the dynamical behaviour and operational phases of the underlying process.

Interaction of a Jaundice Marker Molecule with a Redox-Modulatory Nano-Hybrid: A Combined Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Study toward the Development of a Theranostic Tool.

This study explores a combined electrochemical and spectroscopic approach to investigate the degradation of bilirubin, a molecular marker of jaundice in humans using a biocompatible nanohybrid (citrate-functionalized Mn O nanohybrid; C-Mn O NH). The approach is aimed at the development of a facile theranostic tool for treatment, detection, and prognosis of jaundice. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) studies on bilirubin, C-Mn O NH, a model carrier protein, and its complex with bilirubin reveal the efficacy of the nanohybrid for both degradation and detection of bilirubin.

Homeopathic Medicines Used as Prophylaxis in Kolkata during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Community-Based, Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Introduction: There is some evidence that homeopathic treatment has been used successfully in previous epidemics, and currently some countries are testing homeoprophylaxis for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is a strong tradition of homeopathic treatment in India: therefore, we decided to compare three different homeopathic medicines against placebo in prevention of COVID-19 infections.

Methods: In this double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, four parallel arms, community-based, clinical trial, a 20,000-person sample of the population residing in Ward Number 57 of the Tangra area, Kolkata, was randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio of clusters to receive one of three homeopathic medicines ( 30cH, 30cH, 30cH) or identical-looking placebo, for 3 (children) or 6 (adults) days.