Decoding the physicochemical basis of resurrection: the journey of lichen Flavoparmelia caperata through prolonged water scarcity to full rehydration.

Desiccation tolerance is a complex phenomenon observed in the lichen Flavoparmelia ceparata. To understand the reactivation process of desiccated thalli, completely dried samples were rehydrated. The rehydration process of this lichen occurs in two phases.

Building machines that learn and think with people.

What do we want from machine intelligence? We envision machines that are not just tools for thought but partners in thought: reasonable, insightful, knowledgeable, reliable and trustworthy systems that think with us. Current artificial intelligence systems satisfy some of these criteria, some of the time. In this Perspective, we show how the science of collaborative cognition can be put to work to engineer systems that really can be called 'thought partners', systems built to meet our expectations and complement our limitations.

High-resolution visualisation of antisense oligonucleotide release from polymers in cells.

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a well-established therapeutic modality based on RNA interference, but low cellular uptake, limited ability to direct ASO trafficking, and a range of intracellular barriers to successful activity compromise both gene silencing outcomes and clinical translations. Herein, we demonstrate that polymers can increase ASO internalisation intracellular trafficking pathways that are distinct from lipid-based delivery reagents. For the first time, we spatially define internalisation and dissociation stages in the polymer-mediated cytosolic delivery of ASOs using Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS), which enables visualisation of ASO localisation at the organelle level.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneous Role of Conducting Films Upon Electrical Stimulation.

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurodegenerative diseases have markedly poor prognoses and can result in permanent dysfunction due to the general inability of CNS neurons to regenerate. Differentiation of transplanted stem cells has emerged as a therapeutic avenue to regenerate tissue architecture in damaged areas. Electrical stimulation is a promising approach for directing the differentiation outcomes and pattern of outgrowth of transplanted stem cells, however traditional inorganic bio-electrodes can induce adverse effects such as inflammation.

Boost and Increased Antibody Breadth Following a Second Dose of PARVAX for SARS-CoV-2 in Mice and Nonhuman Primates.

PARVAX is a genetic vaccine platform based on an adeno-associated vector that has demonstrated to elicit potent, durable, and protective immunity in nonhuman primates (NHPs) after a single dose. Here, we assessed vaccine immunogenicity following a PARVAX prime-boost regimen against SARS-CoV-2. In mice, a low-dose prime followed by a higher-dose boost elicited potent neutralizing antibody responses and distinct cross-reactivity profiles, depending on the antigen used in the booster vaccine.

Assessment of waterlogging-induced changes in enzymatic antioxidants and carbohydrate metabolism in peanuts genotypes.

Soil flooding, manifesting as submergence or waterlogging stress, significantly impacts plant species composition and agricultural productivity, particularly in regions with low rainfall. This study investigates the biochemical responses of two peanut ( L.) genotypes, DH-86 and GJG-32, under waterlogging stress.

Abdominal Dermal Fat Graft Versus Nasolabial Flap in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: A prospective study was conducted to find out an effective alternative in the form of non-vascularized abdominal dermal fat graft (ADFG) and to compare its efficacy with the vascularised nasolabial flap (NLF) for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Method: Comparative study comprising of 30 patients with Grade 3 and 4A OSMF, randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A (ADFG) and Group B (NLF). They were evaluated for mouth opening (MO), graft uptake, time taken for mucosalization, pain, intercommissure distance (ICD), scar, duration of surgery (DOS), patient satisfaction and thickness of masseter muscle on ultrasonography.

Evaluating language models for mathematics through interactions.

There is much excitement about the opportunity to harness the power of large language models (LLMs) when building problem-solving assistants. However, the standard methodology of evaluating LLMs relies on static pairs of inputs and outputs; this is insufficient for making an informed decision about which LLMs are best to use in an interactive setting, and how that varies by setting. Static assessment therefore limits how we understand language model capabilities.

Ecotoxicological assessment of cigarette butts on morphology and photosynthetic potential of Azolla pinnata.

Cigarette butts (CBs) have become the most ubiquitous form of anthropogenic litter globally. CBs contain various hazardous chemicals that persist in the environment for longer period. These substances are susceptible to leaching into the environment through waterways.

Preferential formation of Z-RNA over intercalated motifs in long noncoding RNA.

Secondary structure is a principal determinant of lncRNA function, predominantly regarding scaffold formation and interfaces with target molecules. Noncanonical secondary structures that form in nucleic acids have known roles in regulating gene expression and include G-quadruplexes (G4s), intercalated motifs (iMs), and R-loops (RLs). In this paper, we used the computational tools G4-iM Grinder and QmRLFS-finder to predict the formation of each of these structures throughout the lncRNA transcriptome in comparison to protein-coding transcripts.

Arctic weather variability and connectivity.

The Arctic's rapid sea ice decline may influence global weather patterns, making the understanding of Arctic weather variability (WV) vital for accurate weather forecasting and analyzing extreme weather events. Quantifying this WV and its impacts under human-induced climate change remains a challenge. Here we develop a complexity-based approach and discover a strong statistical correlation between intraseasonal WV in the Arctic and the Arctic Oscillation.

Sunlight-induced repair of photosystem II in moss under submergence stress.

Lower plants such as bryophytes often encounter submergence stress, even in low precipitation conditions. Our study aimed to understand the mechanism of submergence tolerance to withstand this frequent stress in moss (Semibarbula orientalis ) during the day and at night. These findings emphasise that light plays a crucial role in photoreactivation of PSII in S.

Fluctuating Atlantic inflows modulate Arctic atlantification.

Enhanced warm, salty subarctic inflows drive high-latitude atlantification, which weakens oceanic stratification, amplifies heat fluxes, and reduces sea ice. In this work, we show that the atmospheric Arctic Dipole (AD) associated with anticyclonic winds over North America and cyclonic winds over Eurasia modulates inflows from the North Atlantic across the Nordic Seas. The alternating AD phases create a "switchgear mechanism.

Perspectives on incorporating expert feedback into model updates.

Machine learning (ML) practitioners are increasingly tasked with developing models that are aligned with non-technical experts' values and goals. However, there has been insufficient consideration of how practitioners should translate domain expertise into ML updates. In this review, we consider how to capture interactions between practitioners and experts systematically.

Novel series of tunable µOR modulators with enhanced brain penetration for the treatment of opioid use disorder, pain and neuropsychiatric indications.

Structural optimization of a previously reported agonist of µOR, PZM21 is described resulting in the discovery of a novel series of amides with at least 4-folds enhanced CNS penetration in rat. Furthermore, these efforts yielded compounds with varying levels of efficacy on the receptor ranging from high efficacy agonists such as compound 20 to antagonists, such as 24. The correlation between in vitro activation of µOR and relative activity in models of analgesia for these compounds is discussed.

A comprehensive review on triple R eco-management strategies to reduce, reuse and recycle of hazardous cigarette butts.

Cigarettes are the globally consumed product that contributes to public health problems and is the source of the most prevalent form of litter in the world, Cigarette butts. Cigarette butts are a major source 4000 toxic chemicals, affecting the health of wildlife, humans, and the environment and their decomposition can take years due to the resistance of cellulose acetate to bacterial and fungal degradation. In 2016, the world production of cigarettes exceeded 5.

Eyes of the world on a warmer, less frozen, and greener Arctic.

Rapid atmospheric warming and sea-ice retreat are driving widespread changes in Arctic ecosystems, among the most pervasive of which is the "greening of the Arctic"-an increase in the cover and biomass of vegetation observed by satellites across much of the Arctic tundra biome. Determining the drivers, impacts, and feedbacks of Arctic greening requires continued investment in robust field, remote-sensing, and model-based capabilities, and improved integration of the knowledge base of Arctic peoples. These tools and approaches support the triangulation of complex problems and the development of improved projections for the warmer Arctic tundra biome of the future.

Simultaneous TMJ Ankylosis Release with Uniplanar Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis for Correction of Facial Deformity and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Growing Patients: A Pilot Study.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous TMJ ankylosis (TMJA) release with uniplanar mandibular distraction in the management of facial deformity, improvement in function and obstructive sleep apnoea in growing patients.

Material And Methods: Ten patients in the age group of 5-15 years with unilateral/bilateral TMJA and mild to moderate OSA and short body length but ramus height within normal limits were treated with simultaneous ankylosis release and uniplanar mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Clinical, radiographic, and OSA parameters were evaluated and followed up for 1 year.

Cigarette: an unsung anthropogenic evil in the environment.

The world's population is growing steadily, and this trend is mirrored by a sharp rise in the number of people who smoke cigarettes. Instead of properly disposing of their cigarette waste, most people simply toss them aside, leading to serious environmental consequences. According to previous statistics, in 2012 alone, 6.

Arthrocentesis Followed by Autologous Blood Injection in the Treatment of Chronic Symptomatic Subluxation of Temporomandibular Joint.

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint subluxation is defined as self-reducing partial dislocation of the TMJ during which the condyle passes anterior to the articular eminence.

Material And Method: The study consisted of 30 patients, 19 females and 11 males with 14 unilateral and 16 bilateral cases of chronic symptomatic subluxation. Treatment consisted of arthrocentesis followed by 2 ml of autologous blood injection into upper joint space and 1 ml into pericapsular tissues using an autoclaved soldered double needle with single puncture technique.

Three-year multinational clinical study on an aspheric hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens.

Purpose: To present the results of a study investigating the 3-year effectiveness and safety of the Clareon single-piece intraocular lens (IOL).

Setting: 19 multinational sites.

Design: Prospective multicenter single-arm study.